Nadia Micali1, Francesca Solmi2, Nicholas J Horton3, Ross D Crosby4, Kamryn T Eddy5, Jerel P Calzo6, Kendrin R Sonneville7, Sonja A Swanson8, Alison E Field9. 1. Institute of Child Health, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Palliative Care and Pediatrics Section, University College London, and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. Electronic address: n.micali@ucl.ac.uk. 2. University College London. 3. Amherst College, Amherst, MA. 4. Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, and University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo. 5. Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston. 6. Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. 7. Human Nutrition Program, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor. 8. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston. 9. Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED), including purging disorder (PD), subthreshold BN, and BED at ages 14 and 16 years, are prospectively associated with later depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance use, and self-harm. METHOD: Eating disorders were ascertained at ages 14 and 16 years in 6,140 youth at age 14 (58% of those eligible) and 5,069 at age 16 (52% of those eligible) as part of the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Outcomes (depression, anxiety disorders, binge drinking, drug use, deliberate self-harm, weight status) were measured using interviews and questionnaires about 2 years after predictors. Generalized estimating equation models adjusting for gender, socio-demographic variables, and prior outcome were used to examine prospective associations between eating disorders and each outcome. RESULTS: All eating disorders were predictive of later anxiety disorders. AN, BN, BED, PD, and OSFED were prospectively associated with depression (respectively AN: odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00-1.94; BN: OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.25-9.20; BED: OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.06-3.75; and PD: OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.38-4.74). All eating disorders but AN predicted drug use and deliberate self-harm (BN: OR = 5.72, 95% CI = 2.22-14.72; PD: OR = 4.88, 95% CI = 2.78-8.57; subthreshold BN: OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.44-10.98; and subthreshold BED: OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.43-3.75). Although BED and BN predicted obesity (respectively OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.06-12.14 and OR = 6.42, 95% CI = 1.69-24.30), AN was prospectively associated with underweight. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent eating disorders, including subthreshold presentations, predict negative outcomes, including mental health disorders, substance use, deliberate self-harm, and weight outcomes. This study highlights the high public health and clinical burden of eating disorders among adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED), including purging disorder (PD), subthreshold BN, and BED at ages 14 and 16 years, are prospectively associated with later depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance use, and self-harm. METHOD: Eating disorders were ascertained at ages 14 and 16 years in 6,140 youth at age 14 (58% of those eligible) and 5,069 at age 16 (52% of those eligible) as part of the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Outcomes (depression, anxiety disorders, binge drinking, drug use, deliberate self-harm, weight status) were measured using interviews and questionnaires about 2 years after predictors. Generalized estimating equation models adjusting for gender, socio-demographic variables, and prior outcome were used to examine prospective associations between eating disorders and each outcome. RESULTS: All eating disorders were predictive of later anxiety disorders. AN, BN, BED, PD, and OSFED were prospectively associated with depression (respectively AN: odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00-1.94; BN: OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.25-9.20; BED: OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.06-3.75; and PD: OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.38-4.74). All eating disorders but AN predicted drug use and deliberate self-harm (BN: OR = 5.72, 95% CI = 2.22-14.72; PD: OR = 4.88, 95% CI = 2.78-8.57; subthreshold BN: OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.44-10.98; and subthreshold BED: OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.43-3.75). Although BED and BN predicted obesity (respectively OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.06-12.14 and OR = 6.42, 95% CI = 1.69-24.30), AN was prospectively associated with underweight. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent eating disorders, including subthreshold presentations, predict negative outcomes, including mental health disorders, substance use, deliberate self-harm, and weight outcomes. This study highlights the high public health and clinical burden of eating disorders among adolescents.
Authors: Martine F Flament; Katherine Henderson; Annick Buchholz; Nicole Obeid; Hien N T Nguyen; Meagan Birmingham; Gary Goldfield Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2015-02-16 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Femke Lamers; Adriaan W Hoogendoorn; Johannes H Smit; Richard van Dyck; Frans G Zitman; Willem A Nolen; Brenda W Penninx Journal: Compr Psychiatry Date: 2011-03-11 Impact factor: 3.735
Authors: Andy Boyd; Jean Golding; John Macleod; Debbie A Lawlor; Abigail Fraser; John Henderson; Lynn Molloy; Andy Ness; Susan Ring; George Davey Smith Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2012-04-16 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Monika M Stojek; Jessica L Maples-Keller; Hayley Drew Dixon; Guillermo E Umpierrez; Charles F Gillespie; Vasiliki Michopoulos Journal: Appetite Date: 2019-06-08 Impact factor: 3.868
Authors: Katherine Schaumberg; Stephen Wonderlich; Ross Crosby; Carol Peterson; Daniel Le Grange; James E Mitchell; Scott Crow; Thomas Joiner; Anna M Bardone-Cone Journal: Eat Behav Date: 2020-03-28
Authors: Meghan E Byrne; Marian Tanofsky-Kraff; Nichole M Kelly; Anne Claire Grammer; Manuela Jaramillo; Sarah J Mi; Monika M Stojek; Lisa M Shank; Natasha L Burke; Omni Cassidy; Natasha A Schvey; Sheila M Brady; Andrew P Demidowich; Miranda M Broadney; Susan Z Yanovski; Jack A Yanovski Journal: J Pediatr Psychol Date: 2019-03-01