Improved Detection of Kidney Stones Using an Optimized Doppler Imaging Sequence.

Kidney stones have been shown to exhibit a "twinkling artifact" (TA) under Color-Doppler ultrasound. Although this technique has better specificity than conventional Bmode imaging, it has lower sensitivity. To improve the overall performance of using TA as a diagnostic tool, Doppler output parameters were optimized in-vitro. The collected data supports a previous hypothesis that TA is caused by random oscillations of micron sized bubbles trapped in the cracks and crevices of kidney stones. A set of optimized parameters were implemented such that that the MI & TI remained within the FDA approved limits. Several clinical kidney scans were performed with the optimized settings and were able to detect stones with improved SNR relative to the default settings.