Akio Moriya1, Yoshiaki Iwasaki2,3, Souhei Ohguchi4, Eizo Kayashima5, Tadahiko Mitsumune6, Fusao Ikeda7, Masaharu Ando8, Kazuhide Yamamoto9. 1. Department of Medicine, Mitoyo General Hospital, 708 Himehama, Toyohama-cho, Kanonji, 769-1695, Japan. moriyaakio@gmail.com. 2. Health Service Center, Okayama University, 2-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. yiwasaki@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp. 3. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. yiwasaki@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp. 4. Junpukai Health Maintenance Center, 2-3-1 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0913, Japan. tamayuna@mail.goo.ne.jp. 5. Junpukai Health Maintenance Center, 2-3-1 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0913, Japan. eizou-kayashima@junpukai.or.jp. 6. Junpukai Health Maintenance Center, 2-3-1 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0913, Japan. JBH01210@nifty.com. 7. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. fikeda@md.okayama-u.ac.jp. 8. Department of Medicine, Mitoyo General Hospital, 708 Himehama, Toyohama-cho, Kanonji, 769-1695, Japan. m-ando@mx8.tiki.ne.jp. 9. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. kazuhide@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Several studies have reported an inverse association between moderate alcohol consumption and prevalence of fatty liver (FL) in men. We aimed to clarify this association in women. METHODS: We collected health checkup data from 4,921 Japanese women without concurrent liver disease (mean age 46.4 years) and performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the influence of alcohol drinking patterns (frequency and amount) on the prevalence of FL as assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS: Alcohol consumption was reported in 30.8 % of participants, and FL was observed in 13.8 % (15.5 % nondrinkers, 10.1 % drinkers). Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with FL prevalence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.79, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.98]. In analyses stratified by drinking frequency and/or amount of alcohol consumed, the risk of FL decreased for the following categories: 0.1-19.9 g/drinking day (AOR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.44-0.83) and 0.1-69.9 g/week (AOR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.55-0.98). The amount of alcohol consumed directly correlated with the prevalence of FL in daily drinkers (p < 0.05), whereas there was no correlation between the frequency of alcohol consumption and FL prevalence. Alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower for the following categories: 0.1-19.9 g/drinking day for 1-3 days a week (p = 0.016) and 0.1-69.9 g within 1-3 drinking days a week (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal alcohol consumption appears to have protective effects against nonalcoholic FL disease in women, although an increase in the amount of alcohol consumed appears to nullify the protective effect.
PURPOSE: Several studies have reported an inverse association between moderate alcohol consumption and prevalence of fatty liver (FL) in men. We aimed to clarify this association in women. METHODS: We collected health checkup data from 4,921 Japanese women without concurrent liver disease (mean age 46.4 years) and performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the influence of alcohol drinking patterns (frequency and amount) on the prevalence of FL as assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS:Alcohol consumption was reported in 30.8 % of participants, and FL was observed in 13.8 % (15.5 % nondrinkers, 10.1 % drinkers). Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with FL prevalence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.79, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.98]. In analyses stratified by drinking frequency and/or amount of alcohol consumed, the risk of FL decreased for the following categories: 0.1-19.9 g/drinking day (AOR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.44-0.83) and 0.1-69.9 g/week (AOR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.55-0.98). The amount of alcohol consumed directly correlated with the prevalence of FL in daily drinkers (p < 0.05), whereas there was no correlation between the frequency of alcohol consumption and FL prevalence. Alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower for the following categories: 0.1-19.9 g/drinking day for 1-3 days a week (p = 0.016) and 0.1-69.9 g within 1-3 drinking days a week (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal alcohol consumption appears to have protective effects against nonalcoholic FL disease in women, although an increase in the amount of alcohol consumed appears to nullify the protective effect.
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