OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between smoking, alcohol consumption, and the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in men of middle years and older. DESIGN: Cohort questionnaire study of men followed up for six years from 1986. SETTING: The health professionals' follow up study being conducted across the United States. SUBJECTS: 41,810 male health professionals aged 40-75 years and free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 1986 and followed up for six years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the six years. RESULTS: During 230,769 person years of follow up 509 men were newly diagnosed with diabetes. After controlling for known risk factors men who smoked 25 or more cigarettes daily had a relative risk of diabetes of 1.94 (95% confidence interval 1.25 to 3.03) compared with non-smokers. Men who consumed higher amounts of alcohol had a reduced risk of diabetes (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with abstainers men who drank 30.0-49.9 g of alcohol daily had a relative risk of diabetes of 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking may be an independent, modifiable risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Moderate alcohol consumption among healthy people may be associated with increased insulin sensitivity and a reduced risk of diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between smoking, alcohol consumption, and the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in men of middle years and older. DESIGN: Cohort questionnaire study of men followed up for six years from 1986. SETTING: The health professionals' follow up study being conducted across the United States. SUBJECTS: 41,810 male health professionals aged 40-75 years and free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 1986 and followed up for six years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the six years. RESULTS: During 230,769 person years of follow up 509 men were newly diagnosed with diabetes. After controlling for known risk factors men who smoked 25 or more cigarettes daily had a relative risk of diabetes of 1.94 (95% confidence interval 1.25 to 3.03) compared with non-smokers. Men who consumed higher amounts of alcohol had a reduced risk of diabetes (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with abstainers men who drank 30.0-49.9 g of alcohol daily had a relative risk of diabetes of 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking may be an independent, modifiable risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Moderate alcohol consumption among healthy people may be associated with increased insulin sensitivity and a reduced risk of diabetes.
Authors: E Giovannucci; E B Rimm; M J Stampfer; G A Colditz; A Ascherio; J Kearney; W C Willett Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 1994-02-02 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: M Kataja-Tuomola; J R Sundell; S Männistö; M J Virtanen; J Kontto; D Albanes; J Virtamo Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2007-11-10 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Matthew S Freiberg; Kathleen A McGinnis; Kevin Kraemer; Jeffrey H Samet; Joseph Conigliaro; R Curtis Ellison; Kendall Bryant; Lewis H Kuller; Amy C Justice Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2010-02 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Jun Ku Chung; Shinichiro Nakajima; Eric Plitman; Yusuke Iwata; Danielle Uy; Philip Gerretsen; Fernando Caravaggio; M Mallar Chakravarty; Ariel Graff-Guerrero Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2016-04-29 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: P Maisonneuve; A B Lowenfels; B Müllhaupt; G Cavallini; P G Lankisch; J R Andersen; E P Dimagno; A Andrén-Sandberg; L Domellöf; L Frulloni; R W Ammann Journal: Gut Date: 2005-04 Impact factor: 23.059