Negar Homayounfar1, Sarah S Park2, Zahra Afsharinejad3, Theodor K Bammler3, James W MacDonald3, Federico M Farin3, Brigham H Mecham4, Michael L Cunningham5. 1. Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 - 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, United States; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Washington, United States; Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States. Electronic address: nehoma@u.washington.edu. 2. Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 - 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, United States. 3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, # 100, Seattle, WA 98105-6099, United States. 4. Trialomics, 1700 7th Avenue, # 116, Seattle, WA 98101, United States. 5. Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 - 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, United States; Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous investigations suggest that the embryonic origins of the calvarial tissues (neural crest or mesoderm) may account for the molecular mechanisms underlying sutural development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the gene expression of human cranial tissues and assess the presence of an expression signature reflecting their embryonic origins. METHODS: Using microarray technology, we investigated global gene expression of cells from the frontal and parietal bones and the metopic and sagittal intrasutural mesenchyme (ISM) of four human foetal calvaria. qRT-PCR of a selected group of genes was done to validate the microarray analysis. Paired comparison and correlation analyses were performed on microarray results. RESULTS: Of six paired comparisons, frontal and parietal compartments (distinct tissue types of calvaria, either bone or intrasutural mesenchyme) had the most different gene expression profiles despite being composed of the same tissue type (bone). Correlation analysis revealed two distinct gene expression profiles that separate frontal and metopic compartments from parietal and sagittal compartments. TFAP2A, TFAP2B, ICAM1, SULF1, TNC and FOXF2 were among differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION: Transcriptional profiles of two groups of tissues, frontal and metopic compartments vs. parietal and sagittal compartments, suggest differences in proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix production. Our data suggest that in the second trimester of human foetal development, a gene expression signature of neural crest origin still exists in frontal and metopic compartments while gene expression of parietal and sagittal compartments is more similar to mesoderm.
OBJECTIVE: Previous investigations suggest that the embryonic origins of the calvarial tissues (neural crest or mesoderm) may account for the molecular mechanisms underlying sutural development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the gene expression of human cranial tissues and assess the presence of an expression signature reflecting their embryonic origins. METHODS: Using microarray technology, we investigated global gene expression of cells from the frontal and parietal bones and the metopic and sagittal intrasutural mesenchyme (ISM) of four human foetal calvaria. qRT-PCR of a selected group of genes was done to validate the microarray analysis. Paired comparison and correlation analyses were performed on microarray results. RESULTS: Of six paired comparisons, frontal and parietal compartments (distinct tissue types of calvaria, either bone or intrasutural mesenchyme) had the most different gene expression profiles despite being composed of the same tissue type (bone). Correlation analysis revealed two distinct gene expression profiles that separate frontal and metopic compartments from parietal and sagittal compartments. TFAP2A, TFAP2B, ICAM1, SULF1, TNC and FOXF2 were among differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION: Transcriptional profiles of two groups of tissues, frontal and metopic compartments vs. parietal and sagittal compartments, suggest differences in proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix production. Our data suggest that in the second trimester of human foetal development, a gene expression signature of neural crest origin still exists in frontal and metopic compartments while gene expression of parietal and sagittal compartments is more similar to mesoderm.
Authors: Bart L Loeys; Junji Chen; Enid R Neptune; Daniel P Judge; Megan Podowski; Tammy Holm; Jennifer Meyers; Carmen C Leitch; Nicholas Katsanis; Neda Sharifi; F Lauren Xu; Loretha A Myers; Philip J Spevak; Duke E Cameron; Julie De Backer; Jan Hellemans; Yan Chen; Elaine C Davis; Catherine L Webb; Wolfram Kress; Paul Coucke; Daniel B Rifkin; Anne M De Paepe; Harry C Dietz Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2005-01-30 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Christina E Hoei-Hansen; John E Nielsen; Kristian Almstrup; Si Brask Sonne; Niels Graem; Niels E Skakkebaek; Henrik Leffers; Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2004-12-15 Impact factor: 12.531