Kelly K Anderson1, Nina Flora2, Manuela Ferrari1, Andrew Tuck3, Suzanne Archie4, Sean Kidd5, Taryn Tang6, Laurence J Kirmayer7, Kwame McKenzie. 1. Post-doctoral Fellow, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario. 2. Research Analyst, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario. 3. Project Coordinator, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario. 4. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. 5. Independent Scientist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 6. Manager of Research, Schizophrenia Society of Ontario; Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 7. Professor, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University; Director, Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the pathways to care and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) for people of Black-African, Black-Caribbean, or White-European origin with first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS: We recruited a sample of 171 patients with FEP of Black-African, Black-Caribbean, and White-European origin from hospital- and community-based early intervention services (EIS) in the cities of Toronto and Hamilton. We compared the 3 groups on DUP and key indicators of the pathway to care. RESULTS: We observed differences in pathways to care across the 3 groups. Black-Caribbean participants had an increased odds of referral from an inpatient unit to EIS (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.46 to 7.60) and a decreased odds of general practitioner involvement on the pathway to care (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.46), as well as fewer total contacts (exp[β] 0.77; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.99) when compared with White-European participants. Black-African participants had an increased odds of contact with the emergency department at first contact (OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.31 to 10.92). The differences in the DUP between groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there are significant differences in the pathways to EIS for psychosis for people of African and Caribbean origin in our Canadian context. It is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the pathways that different population groups take to mental health services, and the reasons behind observed differences, to inform the development of equitable services, targeting patients in the critical early stages of psychotic disorder.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the pathways to care and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) for people of Black-African, Black-Caribbean, or White-European origin with first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS: We recruited a sample of 171 patients with FEP of Black-African, Black-Caribbean, and White-European origin from hospital- and community-based early intervention services (EIS) in the cities of Toronto and Hamilton. We compared the 3 groups on DUP and key indicators of the pathway to care. RESULTS: We observed differences in pathways to care across the 3 groups. Black-Caribbean participants had an increased odds of referral from an inpatient unit to EIS (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.46 to 7.60) and a decreased odds of general practitioner involvement on the pathway to care (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.46), as well as fewer total contacts (exp[β] 0.77; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.99) when compared with White-European participants. Black-African participants had an increased odds of contact with the emergency department at first contact (OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.31 to 10.92). The differences in the DUP between groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there are significant differences in the pathways to EIS for psychosis for people of African and Caribbean origin in our Canadian context. It is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the pathways that different population groups take to mental health services, and the reasons behind observed differences, to inform the development of equitable services, targeting patients in the critical early stages of psychotic disorder.
Authors: Ana Mari Cauce; Melanie Domenech-Rodríguez; Matthew Paradise; Bryan N Cochran; Jennifer Munyi Shea; Debra Srebnik; Nazli Baydar Journal: J Consult Clin Psychol Date: 2002-02
Authors: R Gater; B de Almeida e Sousa; G Barrientos; J Caraveo; C R Chandrashekar; M Dhadphale; D Goldberg; A H al Kathiri; M Mubbashar; K Silhan Journal: Psychol Med Date: 1991-08 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: M J Commander; R Cochrane; S P Sashidharan; F Akilu; E Wildsmith Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 1999-09 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Suzanne Archie; Lena Palaniyappan; Andrew T Olagunju; Natasha Johnson; Nicole Kozloff; Elham Sadeh; Andrea Bardell; Alexandra Baines; Kelly K Anderson; Oyedeji Ayonrinde; Manuela Ferrari Journal: JMIR Res Protoc Date: 2022-05-20