Lars Libuda1, Christina M Mesch2, Madlen Stimming2, Hans Demmelmair3, Berthold Koletzko3, Petra Warschburger4, Katharina Blanke5, Eva Reischl6, Hermann Kalhoff5, Mathilde Kersting2. 1. Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) Dortmund, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany. libuda@fke-do.de. 2. Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) Dortmund, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225, Dortmund, Germany. 3. Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. 5. Pediatric Clinic Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. 6. Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Introduction of complementary food usually leads to decreasing intakes of long-chain n-3polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), compared to full breastfeeding. In the randomised controlled PINGU intervention trial, we tested the effects of complementary foods with different contents of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on term infant LC-PUFA status. METHODS:Healthy infants born at term were randomised to receive from the introduction of complementary feeding at the age of 4 to 6 months until age of 10 months ready-made complementary meals either with ALA-rich rapeseed oil (intervention group (IG)-R), with salmon twice weekly to provide preformed DHA (IG-F), or with linoleic acid-rich corn oil (control group, CG). Fatty acid composition was assessed in erythrocyte (RBC) and plasma glycerophospholipids. RESULTS: Complete data of fatty acids in RBC (plasma) were available from 158 (155) infants. After intervention, infants assigned to IG-F showed higher RBC and plasma percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and total n-3 LC-PUFA than CG (each p < 0.001). In IG-R, levels of ALA and the ratio of ALA to LA in plasma and RBC (all p < 0.0001) as well as RBC-EPA (p < 0.0001) were higher than in CG, while DHA levels did not differ between IG-R and CG. CONCLUSIONS: Regular fish consumption during complementary feeding enhances infant EPA and DHA status. The usage of rapeseed oil in small amounts concordant with EU-law for commercial meals enhances endogenic EPA-synthesis, but does not affect DHA status. Provision of oily fish with complementary feeds is advisable to prevent a decline of DHA status. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov , identifier: NCT01487889, title: Polyunsaturated fatty acids in child nutrition-a German multimodal optimisation study (PINGU).
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: Introduction of complementary food usually leads to decreasing intakes of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), compared to full breastfeeding. In the randomised controlled PINGU intervention trial, we tested the effects of complementary foods with different contents of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on term infant LC-PUFA status. METHODS: Healthy infants born at term were randomised to receive from the introduction of complementary feeding at the age of 4 to 6 months until age of 10 months ready-made complementary meals either with ALA-rich rapeseed oil (intervention group (IG)-R), with salmon twice weekly to provide preformed DHA (IG-F), or with linoleic acid-rich corn oil (control group, CG). Fatty acid composition was assessed in erythrocyte (RBC) and plasma glycerophospholipids. RESULTS: Complete data of fatty acids in RBC (plasma) were available from 158 (155) infants. After intervention, infants assigned to IG-F showed higher RBC and plasma percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and total n-3 LC-PUFA than CG (each p < 0.001). In IG-R, levels of ALA and the ratio of ALA to LA in plasma and RBC (all p < 0.0001) as well as RBC-EPA (p < 0.0001) were higher than in CG, while DHA levels did not differ between IG-R and CG. CONCLUSIONS: Regular fish consumption during complementary feeding enhances infantEPA and DHA status. The usage of rapeseed oil in small amounts concordant with EU-law for commercial meals enhances endogenic EPA-synthesis, but does not affect DHA status. Provision of oily fish with complementary feeds is advisable to prevent a decline of DHA status. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov , identifier: NCT01487889, title: Polyunsaturated fatty acids in child nutrition-a German multimodal optimisation study (PINGU).
Authors: Dennis R Hoffman; Richard C Theuer; Yolanda S Castañeda; Dianna H Wheaton; Rain G Bosworth; Anna R O'Connor; Sarah E Morale; Lindsey E Wiedemann; Eileen E Birch Journal: J Nutr Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Sigrun Henjum; Øyvind Lie; Manjeswori Ulak; Andrew L Thorne-Lyman; Ram K Chandyo; Prakash S Shrestha; Wafaie W Fawzi; Tor A Strand; Marian Kjellevold Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2017-02-25 Impact factor: 5.614