Andreas Beyerlein1, Xiang Liu2, Ulla M Uusitalo2, Minna Harsunen3, Jill M Norris4, Kristina Foterek5, Suvi M Virtanen6, Marian J Rewers4, Jin-Xiong She7, Olli Simell8, Åke Lernmark9, William Hagopian10, Beena Akolkar11, Anette-G Ziegler3, Jeffrey P Krischer2, Sandra Hummel3. 1. Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; andreas.beyerlein@helmholtz-muenchen.de. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; 3. Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; 4. Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; 5. Research Institute of Child Nutrition (Forschungsinstitut für Kinderernährung), Dortmund, Germany; 6. Unit of Nutrition, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; 7. Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA; 8. Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 9. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö, Sweden; 10. Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and. 11. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Deficient soluble fiber intake has been suggested to dysregulate the immune response either directly or through alterations of the microbial composition in the gut. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a high intake of dietary soluble fiber in early childhood decreases the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated islet autoimmunity. DESIGN: We analyzed 17,620 food records collected between age 9 and 48 mo from 3358 children from the United States and Germany prospectively followed in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. HRs for the development of any/multiple islet autoantibodies (242 and 151 events, respectively) and T1D (71 events) by soluble fiber intake were calculated in Cox regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: There were no statistically significantly protective associations observed between a high intake of soluble fiber and islet autoimmunity or T1D. For example, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for high intake (highest compared with lowest quintile) at age 12 mo were 0.90 (0.55, 1.45) for any islet autoantibody, 1.20 (0.69, 2.11) for multiple islet autoantibodies, and 1.24 (0.57, 2.70) for T1D. In analyzing soluble fiber intake as a time-varying covariate, there were also no short-term associations between soluble fiber intake and islet autoimmunity development, with adjusted HRs of 0.85 (0.51, 1.42) for high intake and development of any islet autoantibody, for example. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the intake level of dietary soluble fiber is not associated with islet autoimmunity or T1D in early life.
BACKGROUND: Deficient soluble fiber intake has been suggested to dysregulate the immune response either directly or through alterations of the microbial composition in the gut. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a high intake of dietary soluble fiber in early childhood decreases the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated islet autoimmunity. DESIGN: We analyzed 17,620 food records collected between age 9 and 48 mo from 3358 children from the United States and Germany prospectively followed in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. HRs for the development of any/multiple islet autoantibodies (242 and 151 events, respectively) and T1D (71 events) by soluble fiber intake were calculated in Cox regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: There were no statistically significantly protective associations observed between a high intake of soluble fiber and islet autoimmunity or T1D. For example, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for high intake (highest compared with lowest quintile) at age 12 mo were 0.90 (0.55, 1.45) for any islet autoantibody, 1.20 (0.69, 2.11) for multiple islet autoantibodies, and 1.24 (0.57, 2.70) for T1D. In analyzing soluble fiber intake as a time-varying covariate, there were also no short-term associations between soluble fiber intake and islet autoimmunity development, with adjusted HRs of 0.85 (0.51, 1.42) for high intake and development of any islet autoantibody, for example. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the intake level of dietary soluble fiber is not associated with islet autoimmunity or T1D in early life.
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