Andrea Pietrabissa1,2, Stefania Marconi3, Andrea Peri4, Luigi Pugliese4, Emma Cavazzi4, Alessio Vinci4, Marta Botti4, Ferdinando Auricchio3. 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. a.pietrabissa@smatteo.pv.it. 2. Chirurgia Generale Seconda, Dipartimento di Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi, 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy. a.pietrabissa@smatteo.pv.it. 3. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Architettura, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 4. Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional printing technology is rapidly changing the way we produce all sort of objects, having also included medical applications. We embarked in a pilot study to assess the value of patient-specific 3-D physical manufacturing of spleno-pancreatic anatomy in helping during patient's counseling and for preoperative planning. METHODS: Twelve patients scheduled for a laparoscopic splenectomy underwent contrast CT and subsequent post-processing to create virtual 3-D models of the target anatomy, and 3-D printing of the relative solid objects. The printing process, its cost and encountered problems were monitored and recorded. Patients were asked to rate the value of 3-D objects on a 1-5 scale in facilitating their understanding of the proposed procedure. Also 10 surgical residents were required to evaluate the perceived extra value of 3-D printing in the preoperative planning process. RESULTS: The post-processing analysis required an average of 2; 20 h was needed to physically print each model and 4 additional hours to finalize each object. The cost for the material employed for each object was around 300 euros. Ten patients gave a score of 5, two a score of 4. Six residents gave a score of 5, four a score of 4. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional printing is helpful in understanding complex anatomy for educational purposes at all levels. Cost and working time to produce good quality objects are still considerable.
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional printing technology is rapidly changing the way we produce all sort of objects, having also included medical applications. We embarked in a pilot study to assess the value of patient-specific 3-D physical manufacturing of spleno-pancreatic anatomy in helping during patient's counseling and for preoperative planning. METHODS: Twelve patients scheduled for a laparoscopic splenectomy underwent contrast CT and subsequent post-processing to create virtual 3-D models of the target anatomy, and 3-D printing of the relative solid objects. The printing process, its cost and encountered problems were monitored and recorded. Patients were asked to rate the value of 3-D objects on a 1-5 scale in facilitating their understanding of the proposed procedure. Also 10 surgical residents were required to evaluate the perceived extra value of 3-D printing in the preoperative planning process. RESULTS: The post-processing analysis required an average of 2; 20 h was needed to physically print each model and 4 additional hours to finalize each object. The cost for the material employed for each object was around 300 euros. Ten patients gave a score of 5, two a score of 4. Six residents gave a score of 5, four a score of 4. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional printing is helpful in understanding complex anatomy for educational purposes at all levels. Cost and working time to produce good quality objects are still considerable.
Entities:
Keywords:
3D printing; CT of the spleen; Computing; Intraoperative navigation; Laparoscopic splenectomy; Surgical education
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