Virginie Lam1,2, Matthew A Albrecht1,2,3, Ryusuke Takechi1,2, Prachya Prasopsang4, Ya Ping Lee4, Jonathan K Foster5,6, John C L Mamo7,8. 1. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. 2. Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. 3. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4. School of Pharmacy, Perth, WA, Australia. 5. School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. 6. Neurosciences Unit, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. 7. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. J.Mamo@Curtin.edu.au. 8. Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. J.Mamo@Curtin.edu.au.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence supporting an association of higher serum vitamin D concentration with better cognitive performance in older individuals. However, to date, consideration of the putative association between vitamin D and cognition has been based principally on studies investigating clinical participant samples manifesting vitamin D deficiency, particularly in older people. Moreover, relationships between vitamin D and cognition are typically not considered in the context of counter-regulatory calcium-modulating hormones or calcium homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: Serum vitamin D/bioactive (ionised) calcium/parathyroid hormone homeostasis was considered in the context of cognitive performance in healthy, middle-aged and older individuals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional sample of 179 participants between the ages of 47-84 years was recruited for this study (114 females, 65 males). Participants provided fasting blood samples for analysis of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, ionised calcium (iCa) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and completed cognitive measures of verbal episodic learning and memory. RESULTS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were negatively associated (with and without covariates of age, gender, depression and NART scores, iCa, and PTH) with measures of verbal episodic learning and memory, in particular with trial 5 of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and long-delay free recall on the RAVLT. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings from this study suggest an association between higher vitamin D status and poorer performance on verbal episodic memory in middle-aged and older individuals with normal vitamin D-calcium-PTH homeostasis. Despite requiring replication in other participant samples, this is a potentially important finding as it indicates that it may not be beneficial from a cognitive perspective to provide vitamin D supplements in individuals with already adequate vitamin D status.
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence supporting an association of higher serum vitamin D concentration with better cognitive performance in older individuals. However, to date, consideration of the putative association between vitamin D and cognition has been based principally on studies investigating clinical participant samples manifesting vitamin D deficiency, particularly in older people. Moreover, relationships between vitamin D and cognition are typically not considered in the context of counter-regulatory calcium-modulating hormones or calcium homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: Serum vitamin D/bioactive (ionised) calcium/parathyroid hormone homeostasis was considered in the context of cognitive performance in healthy, middle-aged and older individuals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional sample of 179 participants between the ages of 47-84 years was recruited for this study (114 females, 65 males). Participants provided fasting blood samples for analysis of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, ionised calcium (iCa) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and completed cognitive measures of verbal episodic learning and memory. RESULTS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were negatively associated (with and without covariates of age, gender, depression and NART scores, iCa, and PTH) with measures of verbal episodic learning and memory, in particular with trial 5 of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and long-delay free recall on the RAVLT. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings from this study suggest an association between higher vitamin D status and poorer performance on verbal episodic memory in middle-aged and older individuals with normal vitamin D-calcium-PTH homeostasis. Despite requiring replication in other participant samples, this is a potentially important finding as it indicates that it may not be beneficial from a cognitive perspective to provide vitamin D supplements in individuals with already adequate vitamin D status.
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