Frédéric Perros1, Sven Günther1, Benoit Ranchoux1, Laurent Godinas1, Fabrice Antigny1, Marie-Camille Chaumais1, Peter Dorfmüller1, Aurélie Hautefort1, Nicolas Raymond1, Laurent Savale1, Xavier Jaïs1, Barbara Girerd1, Vincent Cottin1, Olivier Sitbon1, Gerald Simonneau1, Marc Humbert1, David Montani2. 1. From Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.P., S.G., B.R., L.G., F.A., P.D., A.H., N.R., L.S., X.J., B.G., O.S., G.S., M.H., D.M.); AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (F.P., S.G., B.R., L.G., F.A., A.H., L.S., X.J., B.G., O.S., G.S., M.H., D.M.); UMR_S 999, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (F.P., S.G., B.R., L.G., F.A., M-C.C., P.D., H.R., L.S., X.J., B.G., O.S., G.S., M.H., D.M.); Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M-C.C.); Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Canada (F.P.); Service de Pneumologie, CHU Mont-Godinne - Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium (L.G.); AP-HP, Service de Pharmacie, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France (M-C.C.); Department of Pathology, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (P.D.); and National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Louis Pradel Hospital, Lyon, France (V.C.). 2. From Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.P., S.G., B.R., L.G., F.A., P.D., A.H., N.R., L.S., X.J., B.G., O.S., G.S., M.H., D.M.); AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (F.P., S.G., B.R., L.G., F.A., A.H., L.S., X.J., B.G., O.S., G.S., M.H., D.M.); UMR_S 999, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France (F.P., S.G., B.R., L.G., F.A., M-C.C., P.D., H.R., L.S., X.J., B.G., O.S., G.S., M.H., D.M.); Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M-C.C.); Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Canada (F.P.); Service de Pneumologie, CHU Mont-Godinne - Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium (L.G.); AP-HP, Service de Pharmacie, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France (M-C.C.); Department of Pathology, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (P.D.); and National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Louis Pradel Hospital, Lyon, France (V.C.). david.montani@bct.aphp.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is an uncommon form of pulmonary hypertension characterized by the obstruction of small pulmonary veins and a dismal prognosis. PVOD may be sporadic or heritable because of biallelic mutations of the EIF2AK4 gene coding for GCN2. Isolated case reports suggest that chemotherapy may be a risk factor for PVOD. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reported on the clinical, functional, and hemodynamic characteristics and outcomes of 7 cases of PVOD induced by mitomycin-C (MMC) therapy from the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry. All patients displayed squamous anal cancer and were treated with MMC alone or MMC plus 5-fluoruracil. The estimated annual incidence of PVOD in the French population that have anal cancer is 3.9 of 1000 patients, which is much higher than the incidence of PVOD in the general population (0.5/million per year). In rats, intraperitoneal administration of MMC induced PVOD, as demonstrated by pulmonary hypertension at right-heart catheterization at days 21 to 35 and major remodeling of small pulmonary veins associated with foci of intense microvascular endothelial-cell proliferation of the capillary bed. In rats, MMC administration was associated with dose-dependent depletion of pulmonary GCN2 content and decreased smad1/5/8 signaling. Amifostine prevented the development of MMC-induced PVOD in rats. CONCLUSIONS: MMC therapy is a potent inducer of PVOD in humans and rats. Amifostine prevents MMC-induced PVOD in rats and should be tested as a preventive therapy for MMC-induced PVOD in humans. MMC-induced PVOD in rats represents a unique model to test novel therapies in this devastating orphan disease.
BACKGROUND:Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is an uncommon form of pulmonary hypertension characterized by the obstruction of small pulmonary veins and a dismal prognosis. PVOD may be sporadic or heritable because of biallelic mutations of the EIF2AK4 gene coding for GCN2. Isolated case reports suggest that chemotherapy may be a risk factor for PVOD. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reported on the clinical, functional, and hemodynamic characteristics and outcomes of 7 cases of PVOD induced by mitomycin-C (MMC) therapy from the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry. All patients displayed squamous anal cancer and were treated with MMC alone or MMC plus 5-fluoruracil. The estimated annual incidence of PVOD in the French population that have anal cancer is 3.9 of 1000 patients, which is much higher than the incidence of PVOD in the general population (0.5/million per year). In rats, intraperitoneal administration of MMC induced PVOD, as demonstrated by pulmonary hypertension at right-heart catheterization at days 21 to 35 and major remodeling of small pulmonary veins associated with foci of intense microvascular endothelial-cell proliferation of the capillary bed. In rats, MMC administration was associated with dose-dependent depletion of pulmonary GCN2 content and decreased smad1/5/8 signaling. Amifostine prevented the development of MMC-induced PVOD in rats. CONCLUSIONS:MMC therapy is a potent inducer of PVOD in humans and rats. Amifostine prevents MMC-induced PVOD in rats and should be tested as a preventive therapy for MMC-induced PVOD in humans. MMC-induced PVOD in rats represents a unique model to test novel therapies in this devastating orphan disease.
Authors: Sébastien Bonnet; Steeve Provencher; Christophe Guignabert; Frédéric Perros; Olivier Boucherat; Ralph Theo Schermuly; Paul M Hassoun; Marlene Rabinovitch; Mark R Nicolls; Marc Humbert Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2017-03-01 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Mark E Orcholski; Ke Yuan; Charlotte Rajasingh; Halley Tsai; Elya A Shamskhou; Navneet K Dhillon; Norbert F Voelkel; Roham T Zamanian; Vinicio A de Jesus Perez Journal: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Date: 2018-02-08 Impact factor: 5.464
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