Dichloroacetate and Trichloroacetate Toxicity in AML12 Cells: Role of Oxidative Stress.

The toxicity of the drinking water disinfection by products dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) was studied in the alpha mouse liver (AML12) cells at concentrations ranging between 770 and 4100 ppm and at incubation times ranging from 24 to 72 h. Cellular viability, superoxide anion (SA) and lipid peroxidation (LP) production, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. DCA and TCA resulted in time- and concentration-dependent decreases in cellular viability, and also in significant increases in SA and LP production, and in SOD activity at specific concentrations and time points. The effective toxic concentrations of the compounds in these cells were found to be 10-fold higher than those producing similar effects in the mouse liver. It has been concluded that the AML12 is a good screening system to identify toxic concentrations of the halaocetates present in the drinking water that may need further in vivo testing.