Electrochemical properties of fiber-in-tube- and filled-structured TiO2 nanofiber anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Phase-pure anatase TiO2 nanofibers with a fiber-in-tube structure were prepared by the electrospinning process. The burning of titanium-oxide-carbon composite nanofibers with a filled structure formed as an intermediate product under an oxygen atmosphere produced carbon-free TiO2 nanofibers with a fiber-in-tube structure. The sizes of the nanofiber core and hollow nanotube were 140 and 500 nm, respectively. The heat treatment of the electrospun nanofibers at 450 and 500 °C under an air atmosphere produced grey and white filled-structured TiO2 nanofibers, respectively. The initial discharge capacities of the TiO2 nanofibers with the fiber-in-tube and filled structures and the commercial TiO2 nanopowders were 231, 134, and 223 mA h g(-1) , respectively, and their corresponding charge capacities were 170, 100, and 169 mA h g(-1) , respectively. The 1000th discharge capacities of the TiO2 nanofibers with the fiber-in-tube and filled structures and the commercial TiO2 nanopowders were 177, 64, and 101 mA h g(-1) , respectively, and their capacity retentions measured from the second cycle were 89, 82, and 52 %, respectively. The TiO2 nanofibers with the fiber-in-tube structure exhibited low charge transfer resistance and structural stability during cycling and better cycling and rate performances than the TiO2 nanofibers with filled structures and the commercial TiO2 nanopowders.