Juhun Lee1,2, Edward Kim2, Gregory P Reece2, Melissa A Crosby2, Elisabeth K Beahm2, Mia K Markey3,4. 1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. 2. Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. 4. Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The goal is to fully automate the calculation of a breast ptosis measure from clinical photographs through automatic localization of fiducial points relevant to the measure. METHODS: Sixty-eight women (97 clinical photographs) who underwent or were scheduled for breast reconstruction were included. The photographs were divided into a development set (N = 49) and an evaluation set (N = 48). The breast ptosis measure is obtained automatically from distances between three fiducial points: the nipple, the lowest visible point of breast (LVP), and the lateral terminus of the inframammary fold (LT). The nipple is localized using the YIQ colour space to highlight the contrast between the areola and the surrounding breast skin. The areola is localized using its shape, location and high Q component intensity. The breast contour is estimated using Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm on the gradient of the photograph in greyscale. The lowest point of the estimated contour is set as the LVP. To locate the anatomically subtle LT, the location of patient's axilla is used as a reference. RESULTS: The algorithm's efficacy was evaluated by comparing manual and automated localizations of the fiducial points. The average nipple diameter was used as a cut-off to define success. The algorithm showed 90, 91 and 83% accuracy for locating the nipple, LVP and LT in the evaluation set, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study presents a new automated algorithm that may facilitate the quantification of breast ptosis from lateral views of patients' photographs.
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The goal is to fully automate the calculation of a breast ptosis measure from clinical photographs through automatic localization of fiducial points relevant to the measure. METHODS: Sixty-eight women (97 clinical photographs) who underwent or were scheduled for breast reconstruction were included. The photographs were divided into a development set (N = 49) and an evaluation set (N = 48). The breast ptosis measure is obtained automatically from distances between three fiducial points: the nipple, the lowest visible point of breast (LVP), and the lateral terminus of the inframammary fold (LT). The nipple is localized using the YIQ colour space to highlight the contrast between the areola and the surrounding breast skin. The areola is localized using its shape, location and high Q component intensity. The breast contour is estimated using Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm on the gradient of the photograph in greyscale. The lowest point of the estimated contour is set as the LVP. To locate the anatomically subtle LT, the location of patient's axilla is used as a reference. RESULTS: The algorithm's efficacy was evaluated by comparing manual and automated localizations of the fiducial points. The average nipple diameter was used as a cut-off to define success. The algorithm showed 90, 91 and 83% accuracy for locating the nipple, LVP and LT in the evaluation set, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study presents a new automated algorithm that may facilitate the quantification of breast ptosis from lateral views of patients' photographs.
Authors: Jennifer E Rusby; Elena F Brachtel; James S Michaelson; Frederick C Koerner; Barbara L Smith Journal: Breast Cancer Res Treat Date: 2007-01-13 Impact factor: 4.872
Authors: Min Soon Kim; Gregory P Reece; Elisabeth K Beahm; Michael J Miller; E Neely Atkinson; Mia K Markey Journal: Comput Biol Med Date: 2006-01-24 Impact factor: 4.589
Authors: Mugdha Dabeer; Edward Kim; Gregory P Reece; Fatima Merchant; Melissa A Crosby; Elisabeth K Beahm; Mia K Markey Journal: J Eval Clin Pract Date: 2010-07-13 Impact factor: 2.431