Mohammad Ali Saghiri1, Jafar Orangi2, Armen Asatourian3, Peiman Mehriar4, Nader Sheibani5. 1. Research associate, Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Electronic address: saghiri@wisc.edu. 2. Researcher, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 3. Clinical instructor, Department of Dental Materials, Kamal Asgar Research Center, Shiraz, Iran. 4. Resident of advance education in general dentistry (AEGD), Florida Institute for Advanced Dental Education, Miami, Fla. 5. Professor, Departments of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on the level of nickel in saliva. METHODS: Fifty healthy patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were asked not to use their cell phones for a week, and their saliva samples were taken at the end of the week (control group). The patients recorded their time of mobile phone usage during the next week and returned for a second saliva collection (experimental group). Samples at both times were taken between 8:00 and 10:00 pm, and the nickel levels were measured. Two-tailed paired-samples t test, linear regression, independent t test, and 1-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The 2-tailed paired-samples t test showed significant differences between the levels of nickel in the control and experimental groups (t [49] = 9.967; P <0.001). The linear regression test showed a significant relationship between mobile phone usage time and the nickel release (F [1, 48] = 60.263; P <0.001; R(2) = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS: Mobile phone usage has a time-dependent influence on the concentration of nickel in the saliva of patients with orthodontic appliances.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on the level of nickel in saliva. METHODS: Fifty healthy patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were asked not to use their cell phones for a week, and their saliva samples were taken at the end of the week (control group). The patients recorded their time of mobile phone usage during the next week and returned for a second saliva collection (experimental group). Samples at both times were taken between 8:00 and 10:00 pm, and the nickel levels were measured. Two-tailed paired-samples t test, linear regression, independent t test, and 1-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The 2-tailed paired-samples t test showed significant differences between the levels of nickel in the control and experimental groups (t [49] = 9.967; P <0.001). The linear regression test showed a significant relationship between mobile phone usage time and the nickel release (F [1, 48] = 60.263; P <0.001; R(2) = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS: Mobile phone usage has a time-dependent influence on the concentration of nickel in the saliva of patients with orthodontic appliances.
Authors: Dilip Daniel Quadras; U S Krishna Nayak; N Suchetha Kumari; H R Priyadarshini; Srinivasa Gowda; Bennete Fernandes Journal: Dent Res J (Isfahan) Date: 2019 Jul-Aug