C-H Lin1, J-W Lin2,3, Y-C Liu4, C-H Chang2,4, R-M Wu1. 1. Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou, Yun-Lin, Taiwan. 4. Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anxiety is potentially a pre-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to investigate the association between anxiety and subsequent PD risk in a population-based sample. METHODS: A total of 174 776 participants, who were free of prior PD, dementia and stroke, were enrolled from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2005. The association between anxiety at the beginning of the study and the incidence of PD was examined using a Cox regression model. Information regarding comorbidities, especially depression, and concomitant medication use was adjusted in the proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Over an average follow-up of 5.5 years, 2258 incident PD cases were diagnosed. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and concomitant medication use, patients with anxiety were more likely to develop PD than subjects without anxiety [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.51]. Anxiety severity was dose-dependently associated with increased likelihood of PD: crude HR 1.27 (95% CI 1.11-1.44) for mild anxiety, 1.35 (95% CI 1.19-1.53) for moderate anxiety and 2.36 (95% CI 2.13-2.62) for severe anxiety (P < 0.0001). Results were similar after adjustment for age, sex, comorbid depression and other PD risk factors, and in the sensitivity analyses excluding participants with comorbid depression or with a PD diagnosis <3 years after anxiety diagnosis, and controlling for Charlson's scores. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of developing PD was greater amongst patients with anxiety than patients without anxiety, and the severity of anxiety correlated with risk of PD.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Anxiety is potentially a pre-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to investigate the association between anxiety and subsequent PD risk in a population-based sample. METHODS: A total of 174 776 participants, who were free of prior PD, dementia and stroke, were enrolled from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2005. The association between anxiety at the beginning of the study and the incidence of PD was examined using a Cox regression model. Information regarding comorbidities, especially depression, and concomitant medication use was adjusted in the proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Over an average follow-up of 5.5 years, 2258 incident PD cases were diagnosed. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and concomitant medication use, patients with anxiety were more likely to develop PD than subjects without anxiety [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.51]. Anxiety severity was dose-dependently associated with increased likelihood of PD: crude HR 1.27 (95% CI 1.11-1.44) for mild anxiety, 1.35 (95% CI 1.19-1.53) for moderate anxiety and 2.36 (95% CI 2.13-2.62) for severe anxiety (P < 0.0001). Results were similar after adjustment for age, sex, comorbid depression and other PD risk factors, and in the sensitivity analyses excluding participants with comorbid depression or with a PD diagnosis <3 years after anxiety diagnosis, and controlling for Charlson's scores. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of developing PD was greater amongst patients with anxiety than patients without anxiety, and the severity of anxiety correlated with risk of PD.
Authors: Laura M Butkovich; Madelyn C Houser; Termpanit Chalermpalanupap; Kirsten A Porter-Stransky; Alexa F Iannitelli; Jake S Boles; Grace M Lloyd; Alexandra S Coomes; Lori N Eidson; Maria Elizabeth De Sousa Rodrigues; Danielle L Oliver; Sean D Kelly; Jianjun Chang; Nora Bengoa-Vergniory; Richard Wade-Martins; Benoit I Giasson; Valerie Joers; David Weinshenker; Malú Gámez Tansey Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2020-08-31 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Sebastian Heinzel; Benjamin Roeben; Yoav Ben-Shlomo; Stefanie Lerche; Guido Alves; Paolo Barone; Stefanie Behnke; Henk W Berendse; Bastiaan R Bloem; David Burn; Richard Dodel; Donald G Grosset; Michele Hu; Meike Kasten; Rejko Krüger; Marcello Moccia; Brit Mollenhauer; Wolfgang Oertel; Ulrike Suenkel; Uwe Walter; Karin Wirdefeldt; Inga Liepelt-Scarfone; Walter Maetzler; Daniela Berg Journal: Front Aging Neurosci Date: 2016-06-22 Impact factor: 5.750