Robert J Munro1, Anne B Fulton2, Toco Y P Chui3, Anne Moskowitz2, Ramkumar Ramamirtham2, Ronald M Hansen2, Sanjay P Prabhu4, James D Akula2. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. 3. Department of Optometry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States 4Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York, United States. 4. Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 6Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We generated a model of eye growth and tested it against an eye known to develop abnormally, one with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: We reviewed extant magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from term and preterm-born patients for suitable images (n = 129). We binned subjects for analysis based upon postmenstrual age at birth (in weeks) and ROP history ("Term" ≥ 37, "Premature" ≤ 32 with no ROP, "ROP" ≤ 32 with ROP). We measured the axial positions and curvatures of the cornea, anterior and posterior lens, and inner retinal surface. We fit anterior chamber depth (ACD), posterior segment depth (PSD), axial length (AL), and corneal and lenticular curvatures with logistic growth curves that we then evaluated for significant differences. We also measured the length of rays from the centroid to the surface of the eye at 5° intervals, and described the length versus age relationship of each ray, L(ray)(x), using the same logistic growth curve. We determined the rate of ray elongation, E(ray)(x), from L(ray)dy/dx. Then, we estimated the scleral growth that accounted for E(ray)(x), G(x), at every age and position. RESULTS: Relative to Term, development of ACD, PSD, AL, and corneal and lenticular curvatures was delayed in ROP eyes, but not Premature eyes. In Term infants, G(x) was fast and predominantly equatorial; in age-matched ROP eyes, maximal G(x) was offset by approximately 90°. CONCLUSIONS: We produced a model of normal eye growth in term-born subjects. Relative to normal, the ROP eye is characterized by delayed, abnormal growth.
PURPOSE: We generated a model of eye growth and tested it against an eye known to develop abnormally, one with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: We reviewed extant magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from term and preterm-bornpatients for suitable images (n = 129). We binned subjects for analysis based upon postmenstrual age at birth (in weeks) and ROP history ("Term" ≥ 37, "Premature" ≤ 32 with no ROP, "ROP" ≤ 32 with ROP). We measured the axial positions and curvatures of the cornea, anterior and posterior lens, and inner retinal surface. We fit anterior chamber depth (ACD), posterior segment depth (PSD), axial length (AL), and corneal and lenticular curvatures with logistic growth curves that we then evaluated for significant differences. We also measured the length of rays from the centroid to the surface of the eye at 5° intervals, and described the length versus age relationship of each ray, L(ray)(x), using the same logistic growth curve. We determined the rate of ray elongation, E(ray)(x), from L(ray)dy/dx. Then, we estimated the scleral growth that accounted for E(ray)(x), G(x), at every age and position. RESULTS: Relative to Term, development of ACD, PSD, AL, and corneal and lenticular curvatures was delayed in ROP eyes, but not Premature eyes. In Term infants, G(x) was fast and predominantly equatorial; in age-matched ROP eyes, maximal G(x) was offset by approximately 90°. CONCLUSIONS: We produced a model of normal eye growth in term-born subjects. Relative to normal, the ROP eye is characterized by delayed, abnormal growth.
Authors: David Borja; Fabrice Manns; Arthur Ho; Noel Ziebarth; Alexandre M Rosen; Rakhi Jain; Adriana Amelinckx; Esdras Arrieta; Robert C Augusteyn; Jean-Marie Parel Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2008-03-03 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Earl L Smith; Li-Fang Hung; Juan Huang; Terry L Blasdel; Tammy L Humbird; Kurt H Bockhorst Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2010-03-10 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: J Daniel Twelker; G Lynn Mitchell; Dawn H Messer; Rita Bhakta; Lisa A Jones; Donald O Mutti; Susuan A Cotter; Robert N Klenstein; Ruth E Manny; Karla Zadnik Journal: Optom Vis Sci Date: 2009-08 Impact factor: 1.973
Authors: Karla Zadnik; Ruth E Manny; Julie A Yu; G Lynn Mitchell; Susan A Cotter; Julio C Quiralte; Melvin Shipp; Nina E Friedman; Robert N Kleinstein; Terry W Walker; Lisa A Jones; Melvin L Moeschberger; Donald O Mutti Journal: Optom Vis Sci Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 1.973
Authors: Emily Wiecek; James D Akula; Deborah K Vanderveen; Iason S Mantagos; Carolyn Wu; Amber-Lee Curran; Hanna De Bruyn; Bridget Peterson; Anne B Fulton Journal: Am J Ophthalmol Date: 2022-03-31 Impact factor: 5.488
Authors: Donald O Mutti; Loraine T Sinnott; G Lynn Mitchell; Lisa A Jordan; Nina E Friedman; Sara L Frane; Wendy K Lin Journal: Optom Vis Sci Date: 2018-11 Impact factor: 1.973
Authors: Ramkumar Ramamirtham; James D Akula; Garima Soni; Matthew J Swanson; Jennifer N Bush; Anne Moskowitz; Emily A Swanson; Tara L Favazza; Jena L Tavormina; Mircea Mujat; R Daniel Ferguson; Ronald M Hansen; Anne B Fulton Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2016-02 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: James D Akula; Ivana A Arellano; Emily A Swanson; Tara L Favazza; Theodore S Bowe; Robert J Munro; R Daniel Ferguson; Ronald M Hansen; Anne Moskowitz; Anne B Fulton Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2020-09-01 Impact factor: 4.799