Atsuko Kitano1,2,3, Hideko Yamauchi4, Takashi Hosaka5, Hiroshi Yagata4, Keiko Hosokawa6, Sachiko Ohde7, Seigo Nakamura8, Masafumi Takimoto9, Hiroko Tsunoda10. 1. Department of Medical Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. atkitano@ncc.go.jp. 2. Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. atkitano@ncc.go.jp. 3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Showa University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. atkitano@ncc.go.jp. 4. Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Department of Psycho-oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Department of Nursing, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 7. Center of Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's Life Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 9. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Showa University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 10. Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan. hirokots@luke.ac.jp.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of breast cancer screening by use of mammography and/or ultrasound, and to reveal factors related to psychological distress. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty women were recalled to our hospital because of suspicious malignant findings from breast cancer screening between March and November 2012. They were asked to complete three questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression, the Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced scale (Brief COPE) for coping styles, and an original questionnaire for personal information. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 312 of 320 women (97.5 %). The median age was 45 years (range 23-73). The HADS revealed borderline or clinically significant anxiety for 70 % of the women. Family history of breast cancer, area of residence, number of times screened, number of recalls, and the period before the first visit were significantly related to psychological distress (p < 0.05). Brief COPE scores showed that self-blame, behavioral disengagement, self-distraction, use of emotional support, venting, denial, and less acceptance were related to increased anxiety. CONCLUSION: Seventy percent of women who were recalled after breast cancer screening experienced psychological distress. Thus, negative psychological impact should be regarded as an adverse effect of breast cancer screening.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of breast cancer screening by use of mammography and/or ultrasound, and to reveal factors related to psychological distress. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty women were recalled to our hospital because of suspicious malignant findings from breast cancer screening between March and November 2012. They were asked to complete three questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression, the Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced scale (Brief COPE) for coping styles, and an original questionnaire for personal information. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 312 of 320 women (97.5 %). The median age was 45 years (range 23-73). The HADS revealed borderline or clinically significant anxiety for 70 % of the women. Family history of breast cancer, area of residence, number of times screened, number of recalls, and the period before the first visit were significantly related to psychological distress (p < 0.05). Brief COPE scores showed that self-blame, behavioral disengagement, self-distraction, use of emotional support, venting, denial, and less acceptance were related to increased anxiety. CONCLUSION: Seventy percent of women who were recalled after breast cancer screening experienced psychological distress. Thus, negative psychological impact should be regarded as an adverse effect of breast cancer screening.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breast cancer; Breast screening; Psychological distress; Psychological impact
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