OBJECTIVE: To summarize the best available evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cow's milk intake in healthy, full-term infants up to 3 years of age. DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library between 1960 and July 2013 and manually reviewed reference lists of pertinent articles. Two researchers independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles and extracted relevant data. SUBJECTS: We included (randomized/non-randomized) controlled trials and observational studies. RESULTS: We included data from twenty-three studies (one randomized controlled trial, four non-randomized controlled trials, eight case-control studies and ten cohort studies) for the evidence synthesis. Pooled results of four studies revealed a higher risk of Fe-deficiency anaemia for infants consuming cow's milk compared with those consuming follow-on formula (relative risk=3·76; 95 % CI 2·73, 5·19). For type 1 diabetes mellitus, six out of seven case-control studies did not show a difference in the risk of developing this disease based on the age of introduction of cow's milk. We did not find negative associations for other health effects. CONCLUSIONS: Cow's milk consumption in infancy is associated with an increased risk of developing Fe-deficiency anaemia. Limiting cow's milk consumption may be important to ensure an adequate Fe intake for infants and toddlers. High-quality patient information for caregivers is needed on how infants' Fe requirements can be met.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the best available evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cow's milk intake in healthy, full-term infants up to 3 years of age. DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library between 1960 and July 2013 and manually reviewed reference lists of pertinent articles. Two researchers independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles and extracted relevant data. SUBJECTS: We included (randomized/non-randomized) controlled trials and observational studies. RESULTS: We included data from twenty-three studies (one randomized controlled trial, four non-randomized controlled trials, eight case-control studies and ten cohort studies) for the evidence synthesis. Pooled results of four studies revealed a higher risk of Fe-deficiency anaemia for infants consuming cow's milk compared with those consuming follow-on formula (relative risk=3·76; 95 % CI 2·73, 5·19). For type 1 diabetes mellitus, six out of seven case-control studies did not show a difference in the risk of developing this disease based on the age of introduction of cow's milk. We did not find negative associations for other health effects. CONCLUSIONS:Cow's milk consumption in infancy is associated with an increased risk of developing Fe-deficiency anaemia. Limiting cow's milk consumption may be important to ensure an adequate Fe intake for infants and toddlers. High-quality patient information for caregivers is needed on how infants' Fe requirements can be met.
Authors: Charlotte Lane; Emily A Bobrow; Dieudonne Ndatimana; Gilles F Ndayisaba; Linda S Adair Journal: Am J Hum Biol Date: 2019-08-09 Impact factor: 1.937
Authors: Myriam C Afeiche; Salvador Villalpando-Carrión; Kathleen C Reidy; Lisa R Fries; Alison L Eldridge Journal: Nutrients Date: 2018-04-10 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Apurba K Ghosh; Bala Kishore; Irfan Shaikh; Vinita Satyavrat; Anil Kumar; Tapan Shah; Prahlad Pote; Sandeep Shinde; Yatin Berde; Yen Ling Low; Verena M H Tan; Dieu T T Huynh Journal: J Int Med Res Date: 2018-04-25 Impact factor: 1.671