The impact of surgical diversion before neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.

Up-front fecal diversion can palliate emergent symptoms related to locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) allowing patients to receive neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT). We analyzed outcomes of pretreatment-diverted LARC patients relative to nondiverted patients to define the impact of this management strategy. We retrospectively collected data on 103 LARC patients treated with nCRT and surgery. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, staging, treatment plan, and outcomes. Thirteen LARC patients underwent pretreatment diversion for urgent symptoms and 90 LARC patients proceeded directly to nCRT. In all, 50 per cent of diverted patients presented with T4 tumor compared with 14 per cent in the nondiverted patients (P = 0.003). Diverted patients experienced a delay in time-to-treatment initiation of 12 days, although this difference was not statistically significant. Similar rates of chemoradiation and surgical toxicities were observed. Even though diverted patients demonstrated less pathologic response to nCRT compared with nondiverted patients (P = 0.04), there was no significant difference in overall survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of up-front fecal diversion at managing emergent obstructive symptoms related to advanced rectal cancer without additional complications, allowing patients to proceed with nCRT followed by radical surgery.