Towards reconciliation of several dualities in physician leadership.

Leadership has a renewed focus in healthcare, and physicians are being increasingly involved in a range of leadership roles. The aim of this paper is to discuss several dualities that exert tensions at the systems and individual levels. Although oppositional, the common dualities of physician leadership are not mutually exclusive but represent a complex, dynamic and interdependent relationship, often coexisting with each other and exerting tensions in multiple dimensions. The authors contend that a dialectic understanding--instead of either/or or finding a middle ground--of the opposite poles of these dualities allows for generating meaningful leadership perspectives and choices.