Anna Belloni Fortina1, Susan M Cooper2, Radoslaw Spiewak3, Elena Fontana1, Axel Schnuch4, Wolfgang Uter5. 1. Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. 2. Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK. 3. Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. 4. Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. 5. Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Contact sensitization in children is more frequent than previously thought. METHODS: The ESSCA collected patch test data from 11 European countries aggregated to 4 European regions. RESULTS: Six thousand and eight patients aged 1-16 years old with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were analyzed during a period of 8 years (2002-2010). The overall prevalence of at least one positive reaction to a hapten was 36.9%. The 10 most frequent haptens were as follows: nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate, neomycin sulfate, Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru), para-phenylenediamine, chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone 3:1, fragrance mix, lanolin alcohols, and colophony. No difference was found in the prevalence of at least one positive reaction to at least one hapten between boys and girls and between children with atopic dermatitis and children without. Children without atopic dermatitis, when compared with those with, had a significantly higher prevalence of contact sensitization for nickel sulfate (20.91% vs 16.87%, respectively), 4-tert. butylphenol formaldehyde resin (1.61% vs. 0.7%), and para-phenylenediamine (2.49% vs. 1.3%). LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Chamber loading is not an exact science and variation may occur between staff and departments. Interinstitution variations in readings can occur. A possible geographic confounder is that the southern regions tested more children in the younger age group. Relevance was not addressed due to difficulties in the application of a set of uniform definitions. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds information on the most common contact allergens detected in children which could help to define a Standard European Pediatric Baseline Series.
BACKGROUND: Contact sensitization in children is more frequent than previously thought. METHODS: The ESSCA collected patch test data from 11 European countries aggregated to 4 European regions. RESULTS: Six thousand and eight patients aged 1-16 years old with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were analyzed during a period of 8 years (2002-2010). The overall prevalence of at least one positive reaction to a hapten was 36.9%. The 10 most frequent haptens were as follows: nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate, neomycin sulfate, Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru), para-phenylenediamine, chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone 3:1, fragrance mix, lanolin alcohols, and colophony. No difference was found in the prevalence of at least one positive reaction to at least one hapten between boys and girls and between children with atopic dermatitis and children without. Children without atopic dermatitis, when compared with those with, had a significantly higher prevalence of contact sensitization for nickel sulfate (20.91% vs 16.87%, respectively), 4-tert. butylphenol formaldehyde resin (1.61% vs. 0.7%), and para-phenylenediamine (2.49% vs. 1.3%). LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Chamber loading is not an exact science and variation may occur between staff and departments. Interinstitution variations in readings can occur. A possible geographic confounder is that the southern regions tested more children in the younger age group. Relevance was not addressed due to difficulties in the application of a set of uniform definitions. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds information on the most common contact allergens detected in children which could help to define a Standard European Pediatric Baseline Series.
Authors: Jart A F Oosterhaven; Wolfgang Uter; Werner Aberer; José C Armario-Hita; Barbara K Ballmer-Weber; Andrea Bauer; Magdalena Czarnecka-Operacz; Peter Elsner; Juan García-Gavín; Ana M Giménez-Arnau; Swen M John; Beata Kręcisz; Vera Mahler; Thomas Rustemeyer; Anna Sadowska-Przytocka; Javier Sánchez-Pérez; Dagmar Simon; Skaidra Valiukevičienė; Elke Weisshaar; Marie L A Schuttelaar Journal: Contact Dermatitis Date: 2019-01-14 Impact factor: 6.600
Authors: Catriona I Wootton; Mong K Sodaly; Somxay X Billamay; John S C English; Mayxay Mayfong Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-04-14 Impact factor: 3.240