A Koskinen1, L Lehtoranta2, A Laiho3, J Laine4, P Kääpä5, H Soukka5. 1. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Finland. Electronic address: anviar@utu.fi. 2. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Finland. 3. Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland. 4. Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Finland. 5. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Finland.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Since maternal diabetes may affect fetal development and the umbilical cord provides an extension of the fetal vasculature, we decided to investigate cords' biological responses to maternal diabetic milieu. METHODS: Using microarray analysis, we determined the gene expression profiles in the umbilical cords of six neonates born to type 1 diabetic mothers and in six control cords. Umbilical cord tissue was collected immediately after elective cesarean section. Expression data were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (11 genes). Additionally, the same umbilical cords were analyzed histologically. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty six genes were differentially expressed in the umbilical cords from diabetic pregnancies compared to the controls (fold change ±1.5 and P < 0.01). Maternal diabetes had a major effect on the expression of genes involved in vascular development (Bone morphogenetic protein 4, Delta-like 1, and Notch homolog 4), vessel wall integrity (Collagen type VIII alpha 1, Myocyte enhancer factor 2C, and Matrix metalloproteinase 2), and vascular function (Natriuretic peptide precursor B, Endothelin 1, Endothelin receptor B, Cyclooxygenase 1, and Phosphodiesterase 5A). Maternal diabetes was associated with thicker umbilical vein intima-media layers and larger umbilical vein and artery intima-media areas compared to the controls. DISCUSSION: Maternal diabetic environment seems to alter umbilical cord expression of genes involved in the regulation of vascular development and function with simultaneous umbilical vessel muscle layer thickening. These alterations suggest vascular phenotypic modifications, which in turn may lead to long-term vascular consequences in various tissues in infants of diabetic mothers.
INTRODUCTION: Since maternal diabetes may affect fetal development and the umbilical cord provides an extension of the fetal vasculature, we decided to investigate cords' biological responses to maternal diabetic milieu. METHODS: Using microarray analysis, we determined the gene expression profiles in the umbilical cords of six neonates born to type 1 diabetic mothers and in six control cords. Umbilical cord tissue was collected immediately after elective cesarean section. Expression data were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (11 genes). Additionally, the same umbilical cords were analyzed histologically. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty six genes were differentially expressed in the umbilical cords from diabetic pregnancies compared to the controls (fold change ±1.5 and P < 0.01). Maternal diabetes had a major effect on the expression of genes involved in vascular development (Bone morphogenetic protein 4, Delta-like 1, and Notch homolog 4), vessel wall integrity (Collagen type VIII alpha 1, Myocyte enhancer factor 2C, and Matrix metalloproteinase 2), and vascular function (Natriuretic peptide precursor B, Endothelin 1, Endothelin receptor B, Cyclooxygenase 1, and Phosphodiesterase 5A). Maternal diabetes was associated with thicker umbilical vein intima-media layers and larger umbilical vein and artery intima-media areas compared to the controls. DISCUSSION: Maternal diabetic environment seems to alter umbilical cord expression of genes involved in the regulation of vascular development and function with simultaneous umbilical vessel muscle layer thickening. These alterations suggest vascular phenotypic modifications, which in turn may lead to long-term vascular consequences in various tissues in infants of diabetic mothers.
Authors: Victor Do; Luke Eckersley; Lily Lin; Sandra T Davidge; Michael K Stickland; Tiina Ojala; Jesus Serrano-Lomelin; Lisa K Hornberger Journal: CJC Open Date: 2020-11-13
Authors: S M R Costa; E Isganaitis; T J Matthews; K Hughes; G Daher; J M Dreyfuss; G A P da Silva; M-E Patti Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2016-08-17 Impact factor: 5.095