Gioia Bottesi1, Marta Ghisi2, Gianmarco Altoè3, Erica Conforti4, Gabriele Melli5, Claudio Sica4. 1. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy. Electronic address: gioia.bottesi@unipd.it. 2. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy. 3. Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Italy. 4. Department of Health Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy. 5. Institute of Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology and Psychotherapy (IPSICO), Firenze, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is the short version of a self-report measure that was originally developed to provide maximum differentiation between depressive and anxious symptoms. Despite encouraging evidence, the factor structure and other features of the DASS-21 are yet to be firmly established. METHOD: A community sample of 417 participants and two clinical groups (32 depressive patients and 25 anxious patients) completed the Italian version of the DASS-21 along with several measures of psychopathology. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the DASS-21 is a measure of general distress plus three additional orthogonal dimensions (anxiety, depression, and stress). The internal consistency and temporal stability of the measure were good; each DASS-21 scale correlated more strongly with a measure of a similar construct, demonstrating good convergent and divergent validity. Lastly, the DASS-21 demonstrated good criterion-oriented validity. CONCLUSION: The validity of the Italian DASS-21 and its utility, both for community and clinical individuals, are supported.
OBJECTIVE: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is the short version of a self-report measure that was originally developed to provide maximum differentiation between depressive and anxious symptoms. Despite encouraging evidence, the factor structure and other features of the DASS-21 are yet to be firmly established. METHOD: A community sample of 417 participants and two clinical groups (32 depressivepatients and 25 anxiouspatients) completed the Italian version of the DASS-21 along with several measures of psychopathology. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the DASS-21 is a measure of general distress plus three additional orthogonal dimensions (anxiety, depression, and stress). The internal consistency and temporal stability of the measure were good; each DASS-21 scale correlated more strongly with a measure of a similar construct, demonstrating good convergent and divergent validity. Lastly, the DASS-21 demonstrated good criterion-oriented validity. CONCLUSION: The validity of the Italian DASS-21 and its utility, both for community and clinical individuals, are supported.
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