Franca Holinski1, Charalambos Menenakos2, Georg Haber2, Heidi Olze3, Juergen Ordemann2. 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. franca.holinski@charite.de. 2. Centre for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Thoracic Surgery, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neither hormone levels nor malabsorption alone fully explains the distinct weight loss after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients. Postoperatively, patients regularly report a change in the sense of taste and the development of food aversions. Hedonic and sensory components like olfactory and gustatory stimuli significantly affect appetite and flavour. METHODS: We prospectively analysed the orthonasal olfactory and gustatory function with psychophysical testing in 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and in 23 healthy controls. RESULTS: About 22.7 % of morbidly obese patients were hyposmic, showing significantly lower threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) scores (p = 0.009) with decreased discrimination and identification ability. In addition, 22.7 % of patients were tested to be limited in gustatory function, with significantly lower taste strip test (TST) scores (p = 0.003). Six months after surgery, olfactory and gustatory function was not different when compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Due to obesity, patients frequently show impaired olfactory and gustatory function. Six months after laparoscopic bariatric surgery, both chemosensory functions improve. The TDI test is an appropriate tool to measure olfactory function in obese patients.
BACKGROUND: Neither hormone levels nor malabsorption alone fully explains the distinct weight loss after bariatric surgery in morbidly obesepatients. Postoperatively, patients regularly report a change in the sense of taste and the development of food aversions. Hedonic and sensory components like olfactory and gustatory stimuli significantly affect appetite and flavour. METHODS: We prospectively analysed the orthonasal olfactory and gustatory function with psychophysical testing in 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and in 23 healthy controls. RESULTS: About 22.7 % of morbidly obesepatients were hyposmic, showing significantly lower threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) scores (p = 0.009) with decreased discrimination and identification ability. In addition, 22.7 % of patients were tested to be limited in gustatory function, with significantly lower taste strip test (TST) scores (p = 0.003). Six months after surgery, olfactory and gustatory function was not different when compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Due to obesity, patients frequently show impaired olfactory and gustatory function. Six months after laparoscopic bariatric surgery, both chemosensory functions improve. The TDI test is an appropriate tool to measure olfactory function in obesepatients.
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