Juhani H Määttä1, Sam Wadge, Alex MacGregor, Jaro Karppinen, Frances M K Williams. 1. *Medical Research Center Oulu and Center for Life Course Epidemiology Research, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; †Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; and ‡Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Health and Work Ability, and Disability Prevention Center, Oulu, Finland.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of twins representative of the general population. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between Modic change (MC) and severe, disabling low back pain (LBP), features of intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) and incident MC during 10-year follow-up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: MC describes vertebral endplate and bone marrow lesions visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MC has been associated with DD. It remains unclear whether MC causes LBP independently or through association with DD. Moreover, association of MC with severe, disabling LBP is uncertain. METHODS: Volunteers were recruited from the TwinsUK register to MRI and interview between 1996 and 2000 with a subset attending for follow-up a decade later. MC, DD (evaluated by loss of disc height and signal intensity, presence of disc bulge and anterior osteophytes) and Schmorl's nodes (SN) were determined on T2-weighted lumbar MR scans. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 823 subjects at baseline and 429 at follow-up. Mean age at baseline was 54.0 years (range 32-70) with 96% females. The prevalence of MC was 32.2% at baseline and 48.7% at follow-up. Subjects with MC were older (P < 0.001) and more overweight (BMI: P = 0.026, weight: P < 0.001). At both baseline and follow-up, more subjects reporting severe LBP demonstrated MC (subjects with MC vs. without MC: 35.0% vs. 16.4% respectively, P < 0.001 at baseline; and 35.1% vs. 20.0% respectively, P < 0.001 at follow-up). In multivariable analyses, MC remained significantly associated with episodes of severe, disabling LBP (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.04-2.41) after adjustment for age, BMI, DD, and SN at baseline. Loss of disc height and disc signal intensity were independently associated with prevalent MC at baseline, and disc height and disc bulge with incident MC during follow-up. CONCLUSION: MC is an independent risk factor for episodes of severe and disabling LBP in middle-aged women. These observations support further work aimed at identifying the precise histology underlying MC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.
STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of twins representative of the general population. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between Modic change (MC) and severe, disabling low back pain (LBP), features of intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) and incident MC during 10-year follow-up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: MC describes vertebral endplate and bone marrow lesions visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MC has been associated with DD. It remains unclear whether MC causes LBP independently or through association with DD. Moreover, association of MC with severe, disabling LBP is uncertain. METHODS: Volunteers were recruited from the TwinsUK register to MRI and interview between 1996 and 2000 with a subset attending for follow-up a decade later. MC, DD (evaluated by loss of disc height and signal intensity, presence of disc bulge and anterior osteophytes) and Schmorl's nodes (SN) were determined on T2-weighted lumbar MR scans. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 823 subjects at baseline and 429 at follow-up. Mean age at baseline was 54.0 years (range 32-70) with 96% females. The prevalence of MC was 32.2% at baseline and 48.7% at follow-up. Subjects with MC were older (P < 0.001) and more overweight (BMI: P = 0.026, weight: P < 0.001). At both baseline and follow-up, more subjects reporting severe LBP demonstrated MC (subjects with MC vs. without MC: 35.0% vs. 16.4% respectively, P < 0.001 at baseline; and 35.1% vs. 20.0% respectively, P < 0.001 at follow-up). In multivariable analyses, MC remained significantly associated with episodes of severe, disabling LBP (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.04-2.41) after adjustment for age, BMI, DD, and SN at baseline. Loss of disc height and disc signal intensity were independently associated with prevalent MC at baseline, and disc height and disc bulge with incident MC during follow-up. CONCLUSION:MC is an independent risk factor for episodes of severe and disabling LBP in middle-aged women. These observations support further work aimed at identifying the precise histology underlying MC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.
Authors: Peter Fritzell; Christina Welinder-Olsson; Bodil Jönsson; Åsa Melhus; Siv G E Andersson; Tomas Bergström; Hans Tropp; Paul Gerdhem; Olle Hägg; Hans Laestander; Björn Knutsson; Anders Lundin; Per Ekman; Eric Rydman; Mikael Skorpil Journal: Eur Spine J Date: 2019-10-01 Impact factor: 3.134
Authors: Jaro Karppinen; Katri Koivisto; Jukka Ketola; Marianne Haapea; Markus Paananen; Karl-Heinz Herzig; Mauro Alini; Jeffrey Lotz; Stefan Dudli; Dino Samartzis; Juha Risteli; Marja-Leena Majuri; Harri Alenius; Eero Kyllönen; Jyri Järvinen; Jaakko Niinimäki; Sibylle Grad Journal: Eur Spine J Date: 2021-01-09 Impact factor: 3.134
Authors: Nam V Vo; Robert A Hartman; Prashanti R Patil; Makarand V Risbud; Dimitris Kletsas; James C Iatridis; Judith A Hoyland; Christine L Le Maitre; Gwendolyn A Sowa; James D Kang Journal: J Orthop Res Date: 2016-08-12 Impact factor: 3.494
Authors: Uruj Zehra; Cora Bow; Jeffrey C Lotz; Frances M K Williams; S Rajasekaran; Jaro Karppinen; Keith D K Luk; Michele C Battiê; Dino Samartzis Journal: Eur Spine J Date: 2017-09-12 Impact factor: 3.134