Experimental models for guided bone regeneration in healthy and medically compromised conditions.

The increased use of dental implants and related bone-augmentation procedures creates a need for reliable proof-of-principle preclinical models for evaluating different bone-regenerative techniques. The simulation of clinical scenarios by such models is of importance when the experiments are designed in order for the outcomes to provide basic points of clinical relevance. At the same time, the increased proportion of the population with different chronic diseases of ageing necessitates the need to reproduce these conditions in the same proof-of-principle preclinical models to allow evaluation of the effect of the relevant chronic disease on the bone-healing process. This review presents a number of 'proof-of-principle' preclinical models in health and in chronic systemic conditions in which the guided bone regeneration principle was evaluated.