Literature DB >> 25855200

Smiling makes you look older.

Tzvi Ganel1.   

Abstract

People smile in social interactions to convey different types of nonverbal communication. However, smiling can potentially change the way a person is perceived along different facial dimensions, including perceived age. It is commonly assumed that smiling faces are perceived as younger than faces carrying a neutral expression. In the series of experiments reported here, I describe an unintuitive and robust effect in the opposite direction. Across different experimental conditions and stimulus sets, smiling faces were consistently perceived as older compared to neutral face photos of the same persons. I suggest that this effect is due to observer failure to ignore smile-associated wrinkles, mainly along the region of the eyes. These findings point to a misconception regarding the relationship between facial smile and perceived age and shed new light on the processes underlying human age perception.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Age evaluations; Face perception; Facial expression

Mesh:

Year:  2015        PMID: 25855200     DOI: 10.3758/s13423-015-0822-7

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Psychon Bull Rev        ISSN: 1069-9384


  22 in total

1.  Perceptual integrality of sex and identity of faces: further evidence for the single-route hypothesis.

Authors:  Tzvi Ganel; Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein
Journal:  J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform       Date:  2002-08       Impact factor: 3.332

2.  Effects of familiarity on the perceptual integrality of the identity and expression of faces: the parallel-route hypothesis revisited.

Authors:  Tzvi Ganel; Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein; Tzvi Ganel
Journal:  J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform       Date:  2004-06       Impact factor: 3.332

3.  Why do fear and anger look the way they do? Form and social function in facial expressions.

Authors:  Abigail A Marsh; Reginald B Adams; Robert E Kleck
Journal:  Pers Soc Psychol Bull       Date:  2005-01

4.  A lifespan database of adult facial stimuli.

Authors:  Meredith Minear; Denise C Park
Journal:  Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput       Date:  2004-11

5.  Confidence intervals in repeated-measures designs: The number of observations principle.

Authors:  Jerzy Jarmasz; Justin G Hollands
Journal:  Can J Exp Psychol       Date:  2009-06

6.  Asymmetric relationships among perceptions of facial identity, emotion, and facial speech.

Authors:  S R Schweinberger; G R Soukup
Journal:  J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform       Date:  1998-12       Impact factor: 3.332

7.  The processing of invariant and variant face cues in the Garner Paradigm.

Authors:  Fika Karnadewi; Ottmar V Lipp
Journal:  Emotion       Date:  2011-06

8.  1/f(p) Characteristics of the Fourier power spectrum affects ERP correlates of face learning and recognition.

Authors:  M Blickhan; J M Kaufmann; J Denzler; S R Schweinberger; C Redies
Journal:  Biol Psychol       Date:  2011-08-19       Impact factor: 3.251

9.  Orbitofrontal and hippocampal contributions to memory for face-name associations: the rewarding power of a smile.

Authors:  Takashi Tsukiura; Roberto Cabeza
Journal:  Neuropsychologia       Date:  2008-03-30       Impact factor: 3.139

10.  Organization of the central control of muscles of facial expression in man.

Authors:  A A Root; J A Stephens
Journal:  J Physiol       Date:  2003-04-11       Impact factor: 5.182

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  8 in total

1.  The effects of smiling on perceived age defy belief.

Authors:  Tzvi Ganel; Melvyn A Goodale
Journal:  Psychon Bull Rev       Date:  2018-04

2.  Robustness of the aging effect of smiling against vertical facial orientation.

Authors:  Naoto Yoshimura; Fumiya Yonemitsu; Kyoshiro Sasaki; Yuki Yamada
Journal:  F1000Res       Date:  2022-04-08

3.  KDEF-PT: Valence, Emotional Intensity, Familiarity and Attractiveness Ratings of Angry, Neutral, and Happy Faces.

Authors:  Margarida V Garrido; Marília Prada
Journal:  Front Psychol       Date:  2017-12-19

4.  Delayed reconfiguration of a non-emotional task set through reactivation of an emotional task set in task switching: an ageing study.

Authors:  Natalie Berger; Anne Richards; Eddy J Davelaar
Journal:  Cogn Emot       Date:  2019-01-17

5.  The effect of smiling on the perceived age of male and female faces across the lifespan.

Authors:  Tzvi Ganel; Melvyn A Goodale
Journal:  Sci Rep       Date:  2021-11-26       Impact factor: 4.379

6.  Smiling makes you look older, even when you wear a mask: the effect of face masks on age perception.

Authors:  Tzvi Ganel; Melvyn A Goodale
Journal:  Cogn Res Princ Implic       Date:  2022-09-06

7.  Be Happy Not Sad for Your Youth: The Effect of Emotional Expression on Age Perception.

Authors:  Norah C Hass; Trent D Weston; Seung-Lark Lim
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2016-03-30       Impact factor: 3.240

8.  When Emotions Matter: Focusing on Emotion Improves Working Memory Updating in Older Adults.

Authors:  Natalie Berger; Anne Richards; Eddy J Davelaar
Journal:  Front Psychol       Date:  2017-09-15
  8 in total

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