Marina Unrod1, Vani N Simmons1, Steven K Sutton2, K Michael Cummings3, Paula Celestino4, Benjamin M Craig1, Ji-Hyun Lee5, Lauren R Meltzer1, Thomas H Brandon6. 1. Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; 2. Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; 3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; 4. Department of Health Behavior Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; 5. Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM. 6. Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; thomas.brandon@moffitt.org.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Relapse prevention (RP) remains a major challenge to smoking cessation. Previous research found that a set of self-help RP booklets significantly reduced smoking relapse. This study tested the effectiveness of RP booklets when added to the existing services of a telephone quitline. METHODS:Quitline callers (N = 3458) were enrolled after their 2-week quitline follow-up call and randomized to one of three interventions: (1) Usual Care: standard intervention provided by the quitline, including brief counseling and nicotine replacement therapy; (2) Repeated Mailings (RM): eight Forever Free RP booklets sent to participants over 12 months; and (3) Massed Mailings: all eight Forever Free RP booklets sent upon enrollment. Follow-ups were conducted at 6-month intervals, through 24 months. The primary outcome measure was 7-day-point-prevalence-abstinence. RESULTS:Overall abstinence rates were 61.0% at baseline, and 41.9%, 42.7%, 44.0%, and 45.9% at the 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month follow-ups, respectively. Although RM produced higher abstinence rates, the differences did not reach significance for the full sample. Post-hoc analyses of at-risk subgroups revealed that among participants with high nicotine dependence (n = 1593), the addition of RM materials increased the abstinence rate at 12 months (42.2% vs. 35.2%; OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03% to 1.85%; P = .031) and 24 months (45% vs. 38.8%; OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.01% to 1.73%; P = .046). CONCLUSIONS: Sending self-help RP materials to all quitline callers appears to provide little benefit to deterring relapse. However, selectively sending RP booklets to callers explicitly seeking assistance for RP and those identified as highly dependent on nicotine might still prove to be worthwhile.
RCT Entities:
INTRODUCTION: Relapse prevention (RP) remains a major challenge to smoking cessation. Previous research found that a set of self-help RP booklets significantly reduced smoking relapse. This study tested the effectiveness of RP booklets when added to the existing services of a telephone quitline. METHODS: Quitline callers (N = 3458) were enrolled after their 2-week quitline follow-up call and randomized to one of three interventions: (1) Usual Care: standard intervention provided by the quitline, including brief counseling and nicotine replacement therapy; (2) Repeated Mailings (RM): eight Forever Free RP booklets sent to participants over 12 months; and (3) Massed Mailings: all eight Forever Free RP booklets sent upon enrollment. Follow-ups were conducted at 6-month intervals, through 24 months. The primary outcome measure was 7-day-point-prevalence-abstinence. RESULTS: Overall abstinence rates were 61.0% at baseline, and 41.9%, 42.7%, 44.0%, and 45.9% at the 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month follow-ups, respectively. Although RM produced higher abstinence rates, the differences did not reach significance for the full sample. Post-hoc analyses of at-risk subgroups revealed that among participants with high nicotine dependence (n = 1593), the addition of RM materials increased the abstinence rate at 12 months (42.2% vs. 35.2%; OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03% to 1.85%; P = .031) and 24 months (45% vs. 38.8%; OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.01% to 1.73%; P = .046). CONCLUSIONS: Sending self-help RP materials to all quitline callers appears to provide little benefit to deterring relapse. However, selectively sending RP booklets to callers explicitly seeking assistance for RP and those identified as highly dependent on nicotine might still prove to be worthwhile.
Authors: Shu-Hong Zhu; Christopher M Anderson; Gary J Tedeschi; Bradley Rosbrook; Cynthia E Johnson; Michael Byrd; Elsa Gutiérrez-Terrell Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2002-10-03 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Thomas H Brandon; Cathy D Meade; Thaddeus A Herzog; Thomas N Chirikos; Monica S Webb; Alan B Cantor Journal: J Consult Clin Psychol Date: 2004-10
Authors: Thomas H Brandon; Vani Nath Simmons; Cathy D Meade; Gwendolyn P Quinn; Elena N Lopez Khoury; Steven K Sutton; Ji-Hyun Lee Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2012-09-20 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Vani N Simmons; Steven K Sutton; Lauren R Meltzer; Ursula Martinez; Amanda M Palmer; Cathy D Meade; Paul B Jacobsen; Judith C McCaffrey; Eric B Haura; Thomas H Brandon Journal: Cancer Date: 2020-09-09 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Jonathan Livingstone-Banks; Emma Norris; Jamie Hartmann-Boyce; Robert West; Martin Jarvis; Emma Chubb; Peter Hajek Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2019-10-28
Authors: Jonathan Livingstone-Banks; Emma Norris; Jamie Hartmann-Boyce; Robert West; Martin Jarvis; Peter Hajek Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2019-02-13
Authors: Edna Keeney; Nicky J Welton; Matt Stevenson; Michael N Dalili; José A López-López; Deborah M Caldwell; David M Phillippo; Marcus R Munafò; Kyla H Thomas Journal: Value Health Date: 2021-03-11 Impact factor: 5.725