Noah G Schwartz1,2, Adi Rattner1, Alan R Schwartz1, Babak Mokhlesi2, Robert H Gilman3, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz4, J Jaime Miranda4,5, William Checkley1,3. 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 2. Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 3. Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 4. CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. 5. Departamento de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a highly prevalent condition in high-income countries, with major consequences for cardiopulmonary health, public safety, healthcare utilization, and mortality. However, its prevalence and effect in low- and middle-income countries are less well known. We sought to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidities of SDB symptoms in four resource-limited settings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the CRONICAS Cohort, a population-based age- and sex-stratified sample. SETTING: Four resource-limited settings in Peru varying in altitude, urbanization, and air pollution. PARTICIPANTS: There were 2,682 adults aged 35 to 92 y. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Self-reported SDB symptoms (habitual snoring, observed apneas, Epworth Sleepiness Scale), sociodemographics, medical history, anthropometrics, spirometry, blood biomarkers were reported. We found a high prevalence of habitual snoring (30.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 28.5-32.0%), observed apneas (20.9%, 95% CI 19.4-22.5%) and excessive daytime sleepiness (18.6%, 95% CI 17.1-20.1%). SDB symptoms varied across sites; prevalence and adjusted odds for habitual snoring were greatest at sea level, whereas those for observed apneas were greatest at high altitude. In multivariable analysis, habitual snoring was associated with older age, male sex, body mass index (BMI), and higher socioeconomic status; observed apneas were associated with BMI; and excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with older age, female sex, and medium socioeconomic status. Adjusted odds of cardiovascular disease, depression, and hypertension and total chronic disease burden increased progressively with the number of SDB symptoms. A threefold increase in the odds of having an additional chronic comorbid disease (adjusted odds ratio 3.57, 95% CI 2.18-5.84) was observed in those with all three versus no SDB symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disordered breathing symptoms were highly prevalent, varied widely across four resource-limited settings in Peru, and exhibited strong independent associations with chronic diseases.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a highly prevalent condition in high-income countries, with major consequences for cardiopulmonary health, public safety, healthcare utilization, and mortality. However, its prevalence and effect in low- and middle-income countries are less well known. We sought to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidities of SDB symptoms in four resource-limited settings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the CRONICAS Cohort, a population-based age- and sex-stratified sample. SETTING: Four resource-limited settings in Peru varying in altitude, urbanization, and air pollution. PARTICIPANTS: There were 2,682 adults aged 35 to 92 y. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Self-reported SDB symptoms (habitual snoring, observed apneas, Epworth Sleepiness Scale), sociodemographics, medical history, anthropometrics, spirometry, blood biomarkers were reported. We found a high prevalence of habitual snoring (30.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 28.5-32.0%), observed apneas (20.9%, 95% CI 19.4-22.5%) and excessive daytime sleepiness (18.6%, 95% CI 17.1-20.1%). SDB symptoms varied across sites; prevalence and adjusted odds for habitual snoring were greatest at sea level, whereas those for observed apneas were greatest at high altitude. In multivariable analysis, habitual snoring was associated with older age, male sex, body mass index (BMI), and higher socioeconomic status; observed apneas were associated with BMI; and excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with older age, female sex, and medium socioeconomic status. Adjusted odds of cardiovascular disease, depression, and hypertension and total chronic disease burden increased progressively with the number of SDB symptoms. A threefold increase in the odds of having an additional chronic comorbid disease (adjusted odds ratio 3.57, 95% CI 2.18-5.84) was observed in those with all three versus no SDB symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disordered breathing symptoms were highly prevalent, varied widely across four resource-limited settings in Peru, and exhibited strong independent associations with chronic diseases.
Authors: Aram V Chobanian; George L Bakris; Henry R Black; William C Cushman; Lee A Green; Joseph L Izzo; Daniel W Jones; Barry J Materson; Suzanne Oparil; Jackson T Wright; Edward J Roccella Journal: Hypertension Date: 2003-12-01 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Luu V Pham; Catherine H Miele; Noah G Schwartz; Rafael S Arias; Adi Rattner; Robert H Gilman; J Jaime Miranda; Vsevolod Y Polotsky; William Checkley; Alan R Schwartz Journal: Eur Respir J Date: 2017-06-15 Impact factor: 16.671
Authors: Lu Tan; Taomei Li; Lian Luo; Xiaofang Xue; Fei Lei; Rong Ren; Ye Zhang; Jiaming He; Konrad E Bloch; Xiangdong Tang Journal: Nat Sci Sleep Date: 2022-09-01