Reverse Remodeling in Systolic Heart Failure.

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is the most common term used to describe the functional, structural, myocellular, and interstitial changes that occur in response to myocardial injury and/or chronic changes in myocardial loading conditions. Progression of LV remodeling over time in response to neurohormonal activation, increased wall stress, and inflammatory signaling pathways is associated with an increased risk of major morbidity and mortality. LV reverse remodeling describes the process by which an injured LV with a dilated spherical phenotype may return toward a normalization of ventricular structure and function, either spontaneously or in response to therapeutic interventions. LV reverse remodeling can occur in response to interventions that mitigate the source of myocardial injury, or that reduce or eliminate the neurohormonal and/or hemodynamic factors that contribute to the progression of the LV remodeling process. In this article, we review selected studies that demonstrate the LV reverse remodeling process in response to pharmacological, pacemaker device, and mechanical circulatory support device interventions. Future therapies targeting the physiological, neurohormonal, and/or molecular signaling pathways to effect reverse remodeling may further improve clinical outcomes in heart failure patients.