| Literature DB >> 25834475 |
Nine genera of Eucnemidae (Coleoptera) new to Peru, with a key to Peruvian genera.
Varpu Vahtera1, Jyrki Muona2, Ari Linna1, Ilari E Sääksjärvi1.
Abstract
Thirteen genera of Eucnemidae containing forty species were collected from the Iquitos region in Peru. Nine of the genera are new to the country: Rhagomicrus Fleutiaux, 1902, Adelorhagus Horn, 1890, Adelothyreus Chevrolat, 1867, Microrhagus Dejean, 1833, Dyscharachthis Blackburn, 1900, Heterotaxis Bonvouloir, 1871, Spinifornax Fleutiaux, 1926, Serrifornax Fleutiaux, 1926 and Maelodrus Fleutiaux, 1928. The previous eucnemid record from Peru contained eleven species in ten genera. Only one of the forty species caught, Entomophthalmusamericanus Bonvouloir, was previously known and described from the country. Dyscharachthis, Maelodrus and Adelorhagus are recorded from South America for the first time. Many of the collected species seem to favor white-sand forest as their habitat. Possible reasons for this are discussed. A list of eucnemids from Peru is included, containing taxa already recorded from the country and also taxa that are likely to occur there. A key to the Peruvian genera is included.Entities:
Keywords: Amazon; Elateroidea; Neotropics; eucnemid; lowland; rain forest; species richness.; taxonomy; white-sand forest
Year: 2015 PMID： 25834475 PMCID： PMC4366809 DOI： 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4493
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Biodivers Data J ISSN： 1314-2828
Introduction
White-sand and clay soil forests in the Peruvian Amazon
Materials and methods
Study site and collecting methods
Taxon treatments
Notes
Analysis
Figure 13.Local species accumulation of eucnemids in Allpahuayo Mishana, Peru (Suppl. material 1).
Discussion
Figure 14.Low canopy white-sand forest (photo: I.E.Sääksjärvi).
Figure 15.Nutrient-poor white sand exposed in Allpahuayo (photo: I.E.Sääksjärvi).
| 1 | Antennomeres 9-11 elongated, 8 clearly shorter and narrower than 9 |
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| – | Antennomeres 9-11 not enlarged, 8 about as long and wide as 9 |
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| 2 | Antennomeres 9-11 serrate or pectinate in males, females larger than 15 mm |
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| – | Antennomeres 9-11 neither serrate nor pectinate, females smaller than 15 mm |
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| 3 | Hypomera with basally closed lateral antennal grooves forming deep basal pockets for reception of antennae (Fig. |
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| – | Hypomera either simple (Fig. |
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| 4 | Clypeus very wide and short, distance between the antennal insertion points 6-10 times the distance from the lower edge of the antennal insertion point to the edge |
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| – | Clypeus much narrower, the width at most 4.5 times the height |
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| 5 | Hypomera with pit-like hairy excretory organs (Fig. |
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| – | Hypomera without such structures |
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| 6 | Head simple, frons and clypeus without keels |
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| – | Frons and/or clypeus with sharp keels |
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| 7 | Lateral pronotal ridge minutely serrate (Fig. |
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| – | Lateral pronotal ridge smooth |
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| 8 | Elytral suture forming a beak before the apex in lateral view (Fig. |
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| – | Elytral apex evenly curved to end in lateral view |
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| 9 | Combined length of antennomeres 2 and 3 less than the length of 4 |
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| – | Combined length of antennomeres 2 and 3 always distinctly greater than the length of 4 |
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| 10 | Metacoxal plates approximately parallel-sided (Fig. |
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| – | Metacoxal plates distinctly wider close to the insertion point of the trochanter than on the sides (Fig. |
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| 11 | Antennal grooves parallel-sided, always well defined, body parallel-sided, antennae feebly serrate, often elongated |
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| – | Antennal grooves either entirely absent or widening caudad, poorly delimited |
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| 12 | Antennomeres dentate, body uniformly yellow |
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| – | Antennomeres 4-10 serrate or pectinate, dorsum dark or bicoloured |
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| 13 | Pronotum unusually large compared to the rest of the body, body front-heavy in appearance, pronotum black, elytra sometimes with pale spots |
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| – | Dorsum black, pronotum and elytral longitudinal stripes yellow |
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| 14 | Width of the frons between antennal sockets less than half the distance between the eyes, usually distinctly less, body usually black or dark brown, male protarsomere 1 with an apical sex comb |
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| – | Width of the frons between antennal sockets at least half the distance between the eyes, usually distinctly more, body evenly yellowish brown, male protarsomere 1 without any spine comb |
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| 15 | Hypomera without medially defined antennal grooves (Fig. |
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| – | Hypomera with medially sharply defined basally open lateral antennal grooves (Fig. |
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| 16 | Mandibles slender |
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| – | Mandibles stout with a secondary basal tooth |
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| 17 | Meso- and metatibiae without spine combs on lateral surfaces, male protarsomere 1 simple |
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| – | Meso- and metatibiae with spine combs, male protarsomere 1 with a basal sex comb (Fig. |
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| 18 | Antennomeres 3-10 deeply serrate or flabellate |
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| – | Antennomeres 3-10 tubular, neither serrate nor flabellate |
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| 19 | Frons usually conspicuously flattened, antennomeres 6-10 slightly enlarged and flattened, 6 always longer and usually wider than 5, 3-10 not serrate |
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| – | Frons convex, antennomere 5 usually similar in size to 6, antennomeres 3-10 dentate, serrate or tubular, protibiae with simple apexes |
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| 20 | Dorsum shiny or very shiny, at most densely punctate, brownish |
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| – | Dorsum extremely dull, very densely and strongly rugose, black |
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| 21 | Elytral epipleura grooved, smooth and shiny basally |
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| – | Elytral epipleura even, not grooved in front |
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| 22 | Abdominal tip excavated, bifid |
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| – | Abdominal tip pointed or rounded |
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| 23 | Antennal grooves large in volume, wider than rest of hypomera |
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| – | Antennal grooves much narrower than rest of hypomera (Fig. |
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| 24 | Elytra with sharply marked, punctate striae (Fig. |
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| – | Elytral striae faint, never punctate, elytra rarely parallel-sided in shape |
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| 25 | Claws with basal teeth |
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| – | Claws simple |
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The genera reported either earlier or in this study are shown in bold. The key also includes genera that are still undiscovered in Peru, but likely to be found there because they are known from the surrounding region (shown in italics only).
3 in total
1. Tree species richness of upper Amazonian forests.
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1988-01 Impact factor: 11.205
2. Fluvial perturbance in the Western Amazon basin: regulation by long-term sub-andean tectonics.
Journal: Science Date: 1987-12-04 Impact factor: 47.728
3. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation.
Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 1994-07-29 Impact factor: 6.237
3 in total