Peter B Kang1, Leslie Morrison1, Susan T Iannaccone1, Robert J Graham1, Carsten G Bönnemann1, Anne Rutkowski1, Joseph Hornyak1, Ching H Wang1, Kathryn North1, Maryam Oskoui1, Thomas S D Getchius1, Julie A Cox1, Erin E Hagen1, Gary Gronseth1, Robert C Griggs1. 1. From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (P.B.K.), University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (P.B.K.), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (L.M.), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (S.T.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Children's Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Critical Care Medicine (R.J.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (C.G.B.), Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Cure Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Cure CMD) (A.R.), Olathe, KS; Department of Emergency Medicine (A.R.), Kaiser Permanente South Bay Medical Center, Harbor City, CA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (J.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (C.H.W.), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA; Department of Neurology (C.H.W.), Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (K.N.), The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Australia; Neurology & Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Center for Health Policy (T.S.D.G., J.A.C., E.E.H.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City; and Department of Neurology (R.C.G.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To delineate optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) through a systematic review and analysis of the currently available literature. METHODS: Relevant, peer-reviewed research articles were identified using a literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Diagnostic and therapeutic data from these articles were extracted and analyzed in accordance with the American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence schemes for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic studies. Recommendations were linked to the strength of the evidence, other related literature, and general principles of care. RESULTS: The geographic and ethnic backgrounds, clinical features, brain imaging studies, muscle imaging studies, and muscle biopsies of children with suspected CMD help predict subtype-specific diagnoses. Genetic testing can confirm some subtype-specific diagnoses, but not all causative genes for CMD have been described. Seizures and respiratory complications occur in specific subtypes. There is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of various treatment interventions to optimize respiratory, orthopedic, and nutritional outcomes, and more data are needed regarding complications. RECOMMENDATIONS: Multidisciplinary care by experienced teams is important for diagnosing and promoting the health of children with CMD. Accurate assessment of clinical presentations and genetic data will help in identifying the correct subtype-specific diagnosis in many cases. Multiorgan system complications occur frequently; surveillance and prompt interventions are likely to be beneficial for affected children. More research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge regarding this category of muscular dystrophies.
OBJECTIVE: To delineate optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) through a systematic review and analysis of the currently available literature. METHODS: Relevant, peer-reviewed research articles were identified using a literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Diagnostic and therapeutic data from these articles were extracted and analyzed in accordance with the American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence schemes for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic studies. Recommendations were linked to the strength of the evidence, other related literature, and general principles of care. RESULTS: The geographic and ethnic backgrounds, clinical features, brain imaging studies, muscle imaging studies, and muscle biopsies of children with suspected CMD help predict subtype-specific diagnoses. Genetic testing can confirm some subtype-specific diagnoses, but not all causative genes for CMD have been described. Seizures and respiratory complications occur in specific subtypes. There is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of various treatment interventions to optimize respiratory, orthopedic, and nutritional outcomes, and more data are needed regarding complications. RECOMMENDATIONS: Multidisciplinary care by experienced teams is important for diagnosing and promoting the health of children with CMD. Accurate assessment of clinical presentations and genetic data will help in identifying the correct subtype-specific diagnosis in many cases. Multiorgan system complications occur frequently; surveillance and prompt interventions are likely to be beneficial for affected children. More research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge regarding this category of muscular dystrophies.
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