Sigrun Henjum1, Liv Elin Torheim1, Andrew L Thorne-Lyman2, Ram Chandyo3, Wafaie W Fawzi2, Prakash S Shrestha4, Tor A Strand3. 1. 1Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences,PO Box 4,St. Olavs Plass,0130 Oslo,Norway. 2. 2Department of Nutrition,Harvard School of Public Health,Boston,MA,USA. 3. 4Centre for International Health,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway. 4. 5Department of Child Health,Institute of Medicine,Tribhuvan University,Kathmandu,Nepal.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The main objectives were to assess the adequacy of the micronutrient intakes of lactating women in a peri-urban area in Nepal and to describe the relationships between micronutrient intake adequacy, dietary diversity and sociodemographic variables. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was performed during 2008-2009. We used 24 h dietary recall to assess dietary intake on three non-consecutive days and calculated the probability of adequacy (PA) of the usual intake of eleven micronutrients and the overall mean probability of adequacy (MPA). A mean dietary diversity score (MDDS) was calculated of eight food groups averaged over 3 d. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the determinants of the MPA. SETTING: Bhaktapur municipality, Nepal. SUBJECTS: Lactating women (n 500), 17-44 years old, randomly selected. RESULTS: The mean usual energy intake was 8464 (sd 1305) kJ/d (2023 (sd 312) kcal/d), while the percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrates was 11 %, 13 % and 76 %, respectively. The mean usual micronutrient intakes were below the estimated average requirements for all micronutrients, with the exception of vitamin C and Zn. The MPA across eleven micronutrients was 0·19 (sd 0·16). The diet was found to be monotonous (MDDS was 3·9 (sd 1·0)) and rice contributed to about 60 % of the energy intake. The multiple regression analyses showed that MPA was positively associated with energy intake, dietary diversity, women's educational level and socio-economic status, and was higher in the winter. CONCLUSIONS: The low micronutrient intakes are probably explained by low dietary diversity and a low intake of micronutrient-rich foods.
OBJECTIVE: The main objectives were to assess the adequacy of the micronutrient intakes of lactating women in a peri-urban area in Nepal and to describe the relationships between micronutrient intake adequacy, dietary diversity and sociodemographic variables. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was performed during 2008-2009. We used 24 h dietary recall to assess dietary intake on three non-consecutive days and calculated the probability of adequacy (PA) of the usual intake of eleven micronutrients and the overall mean probability of adequacy (MPA). A mean dietary diversity score (MDDS) was calculated of eight food groups averaged over 3 d. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the determinants of the MPA. SETTING: Bhaktapur municipality, Nepal. SUBJECTS: Lactating women (n 500), 17-44 years old, randomly selected. RESULTS: The mean usual energy intake was 8464 (sd 1305) kJ/d (2023 (sd 312) kcal/d), while the percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrates was 11 %, 13 % and 76 %, respectively. The mean usual micronutrient intakes were below the estimated average requirements for all micronutrients, with the exception of vitamin C and Zn. The MPA across eleven micronutrients was 0·19 (sd 0·16). The diet was found to be monotonous (MDDS was 3·9 (sd 1·0)) and rice contributed to about 60 % of the energy intake. The multiple regression analyses showed that MPA was positively associated with energy intake, dietary diversity, women's educational level and socio-economic status, and was higher in the winter. CONCLUSIONS: The low micronutrient intakes are probably explained by low dietary diversity and a low intake of micronutrient-rich foods.
Authors: Helen A Harris-Fry; Puskar Paudel; Niva Shrestha; Tom Harrisson; B James Beard; Sonali Jha; Bhim P Shrestha; Dharma S Manandhar; Anthony M D L Costello; Mario Cortina-Borja; Naomi M Saville Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2018-01-22 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Sigrun Henjum; Øyvind Lie; Manjeswori Ulak; Andrew L Thorne-Lyman; Ram K Chandyo; Prakash S Shrestha; Wafaie W Fawzi; Tor A Strand; Marian Kjellevold Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2017-02-25 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Johanne Haugen; Manjeswori Ulak; Ram K Chandyo; Sigrun Henjum; Andrew L Thorne-Lyman; Per Magne Ueland; Øivind Midtun; Prakash S Shrestha; Tor A Strand Journal: Nutrients Date: 2016-12-21 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Bernadette N Ng'eno; Cria G Perrine; Ralph D Whitehead; Giri Raj Subedi; Saba Mebrahtu; Pradiumna Dahal; Maria Elena D Jefferds Journal: Nutrients Date: 2017-01-17 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Sigrun Henjum; Marian Kjellevold; Manjeswori Ulak; Ram K Chandyo; Prakash S Shrestha; Livar Frøyland; Emmerentia E Strydom; Muhammad A Dhansay; Tor A Strand Journal: Nutrients Date: 2016-04-28 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Manjeswori Ulak; Ram K Chandyo; Andrew L Thorne-Lyman; Sigrun Henjum; Per M Ueland; Øivind Midttun; Prakash S Shrestha; Wafaie W Fawzi; Lauren Graybill; Tor A Strand Journal: Nutrients Date: 2016-03-08 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Marianne Sandsmark Morseth; Navnit Kaur Grewal; Ida Sophie Kaasa; Anne Hatloy; Ingrid Barikmo; Sigrun Henjum Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2017-07-03 Impact factor: 3.295