Kristen A Wendorf1, Meagan Kay2, Christopher Baliga3, Scott J Weissman4, Michael Gluck5, Punam Verma6, Marisa D'Angeli7, Jennifer Swoveland7, Mi-Gyeong Kang7, Kaye Eckmann7, Andrew S Ross5, Jeffrey Duchin2. 1. 1Epidemic Intelligence Service,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,Georgia. 2. 2Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunizations,Public Health-Seattle and King County,Seattle,Washington. 3. 3Infectious Diseases and Infection Control,Virginia Mason Medical Center,Seattle,Washington. 4. 4Center for Global Infectious Disease Research,Seattle Children's Research Institute,Seattle,Washington. 5. 5Department of Gastroenterology,Virginia Mason Medical Center,Seattle,Washington. 6. 6Department of Microbiology,Virginia Mason Medical Center,Seattle,Washington. 7. 7Washington State Department of Health,Shoreline,Washington.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We identified an outbreak of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli infections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (CR) among 7 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A during November 2012-August 2013. Gene sequencing revealed a shared novel mutation in a bla CMY gene and a distinctive fumC/ fimH typing profile. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak, identify potential sources of transmission, design and implement infection control measures, and determine the association between the CR E. coli and AmpC E. coli circulating at hospital A. METHODS: We reviewed laboratory, medical, and endoscopy reports, and endoscope reprocessing procedures. We obtained cultures from endoscopes after reprocessing as well as environmental samples and conducted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing on phenotypic AmpC isolates from patients and endoscopes. Cases were those infected with phenotypic AmpC isolates (both carbapenem-susceptible and CR) and identical bla CMY-2, fumC, and fimH alleles or related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. RESULTS: Thirty-five of 49 AmpC E. coli tested met the case definition, including all CR isolates. All cases had complicated biliary disease and had undergone at least 1 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A. Mortality at 30 days was 16% for all patients and 56% for CR patients. Two of 8 reprocessed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography scopes harbored AmpC that matched case isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Environmental cultures were negative. No breaches in infection control were identified. Endoscopic reprocessing exceeded manufacturer's recommended cleaning guidelines. CONCLUSION: Recommended reprocessing guidelines are not sufficient.
BACKGROUND: We identified an outbreak of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli infections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (CR) among 7 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A during November 2012-August 2013. Gene sequencing revealed a shared novel mutation in a bla CMY gene and a distinctive fumC/ fimH typing profile. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak, identify potential sources of transmission, design and implement infection control measures, and determine the association between the CRE. coli and AmpC E. coli circulating at hospital A. METHODS: We reviewed laboratory, medical, and endoscopy reports, and endoscope reprocessing procedures. We obtained cultures from endoscopes after reprocessing as well as environmental samples and conducted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing on phenotypic AmpC isolates from patients and endoscopes. Cases were those infected with phenotypic AmpC isolates (both carbapenem-susceptible and CR) and identical bla CMY-2, fumC, and fimH alleles or related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. RESULTS: Thirty-five of 49 AmpC E. coli tested met the case definition, including all CR isolates. All cases had complicated biliary disease and had undergone at least 1 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A. Mortality at 30 days was 16% for all patients and 56% for CRpatients. Two of 8 reprocessed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography scopes harbored AmpC that matched case isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Environmental cultures were negative. No breaches in infection control were identified. Endoscopic reprocessing exceeded manufacturer's recommended cleaning guidelines. CONCLUSION: Recommended reprocessing guidelines are not sufficient.
Authors: Gheorghe G Balan; Catalin Victor Sfarti; Stefan Andrei Chiriac; Carol Stanciu; Anca Trifan Journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2019-09-03 Impact factor: 3.267