| Literature DB >> 25800238 |
Kwi Hwa Park1, Hyo Hyun Yoo2, Jun Yim3.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Medical students' values figure prominently in their choice of medical specialty; yet, little research has been performed on this topic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in values according to medical students' individual characteristics (medical educational system, gender, and grade) and preferred medical specialty.Entities:
Keywords: Medical school; Medical specialties; Medical students; Physician values in practice
Year: 2014 PMID: 25800238 PMCID: PMC8813445 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2014.26.4.309
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Korean J Med Educ ISSN: 2005-727X
Factor Analysis of the Physician Values in Practice Scale
| Item | Factor | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| 7 | 0.793 | 0.047 | 0.047 | 0.063 | 0.232 | -0.028 |
| 1 | 0.774 | 0.144 | -0.043 | 0.059 | 0.088 | 0.002 |
| 32 | 0.698 | 0.039 | 0.222 | 0.005 | 0.049 | 0.132 |
| 17 | 0.694 | 0.150 | 0.177 | 0.178 | 0.108 | 0.038 |
| 29 | 0.663 | 0.139 | 0.338 | 0.084 | -0.135 | 0.151 |
| 12 | 0.638 | 0.095 | 0.147 | 0.133 | 0.286 | 0.056 |
| 24 | 0.609 | 0.049 | 0.400 | 0.160 | -0.094 | 0.114 |
| 27 | 0.539 | 0.000 | 0.360 | 0.219 | -0.040 | 0.165 |
| 31 | 0.105 | 0.810 | 0.122 | 0.024 | 0.042 | 0.074 |
| 2 | 0.137 | 0.779 | 0.021 | -0.035 | 0.093 | 0.009 |
| 18 | 0.061 | 0.722 | -0.077 | 0.009 | 0.207 | 0.146 |
| 8 | -0.022 | 0.663 | 0.114 | 0.127 | 0.227 | -0.072 |
| 13 | -0.006 | 0.641 | 0.093 | 0.142 | 0.192 | -0.076 |
| 30 | 0.100 | 0.617 | 0.135 | 0.000 | 0.145 | 0.163 |
| 25 | 0.211 | 0.551 | 0.218 | -0.214 | -0.054 | 0.086 |
| 21 | 0.138 | 0.114 | 0.752 | 0.139 | 0.114 | 0.095 |
| 15 | 0.251 | 0.157 | 0.723 | 0.117 | 0.087 | -0.022 |
| 23 | 0.226 | 0.063 | 0.722 | -0.005 | 0.079 | 0.148 |
| 10 | 0.168 | 0.161 | 0.665 | 0.222 | 0.241 | 0.019 |
| 5 | 0.155 | 0.155 | 0.638 | 0.287 | 0.251 | -0.063 |
| 9 | 0.060 | 0.080 | 0.098 | 0.682 | 0.206 | 0.046 |
| 4 | 0.134 | 0.093 | 0.123 | 0.646 | 0.147 | -0.012 |
| 14 | 0.107 | -0.027 | 0.247 | 0.602 | -0.192 | 0.020 |
| 3 | 0.283 | -0.051 | 0.126 | 0.592 | -0.090 | 0.099 |
| 20 | 0.184 | -0.091 | 0.358 | 0.411 | -0.211 | 0.281 |
| 6 | 0.078 | 0.262 | 0.217 | 0.045 | 0.706 | 0.042 |
| 16 | 0.161 | 0.276 | 0.118 | -0.030 | 0.693 | 0.136 |
| 11 | 0.162 | 0.271 | 0.166 | 0.058 | 0.678 | 0.088 |
| 28 | 0.212 | 0.105 | 0.094 | 0.077 | 0.082 | 0.710 |
| 22 | 0.006 | -0.037 | 0.073 | 0.488 | -0.021 | 0.616 |
| 26 | 0.154 | 0.289 | 0.119 | -0.182 | 0.278 | 0.576 |
| 19 | -0.018 | 0.028 | -0.054 | 0.534 | 0.055 | 0.547 |
| Eigen value | 4.254 | 3.830 | 3.427 | 2.719 | 2.179 | 1.828 |
| Variance (%) | 13.292 | 11.968 | 10.711 | 8.497 | 6.808 | 5.712 |
| Cumulative (%) | 13.292 | 25.260 | 35.971 | 44.467 | 51.275 | 56.988 |
| KMO = 0.903, Bartlett= 1 1,216.288 (df = 496, p = 0.000) | ||||||
Factors and Reliability Estimates (α) of the Physician Values in Practice Scale
| Factor | Meaning | Item |
| Item example | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prestige | Recognition, social status, and financial compensation | 8 | 0.88 | 1. Be recognized as the best physician in my group | |
| Service | Caring for and contributing to the welfare of others and working with community services | 7 | 0.83 | 31. Volunteer in community groups | |
| Autonomy | Freedom, independence, and control over clinical decision making; opportunities to work creatively | 4 | 0.66 | 22. Do my work the way I want to do it | |
| Lifestyle | Hours worked, call schedules, work demands, and time for leisure, family, and friends | 5 | 0.71 | 4. Work a predictable number of hours | |
| Management | Supervision, leadership, and administrative responsibility | 5 | 0.85 | 10. Have significant administrative responsibility | |
| Scholarly pursuits | Research, teaching, and scholarship | 3 | 0.77 | 6. Work as a physician scientist |
Intercorrelations, Means and Standard Deviations for the Physician Values in Practice Scale Factors
| No. | M | SD | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | 898 | 3.23 | 0.69 | - | |||||
| F2 | 898 | 3.79 | 0.56 | 0.28 | - | ||||
| F3 | 900 | 3.65 | 0.59 | 0.32 | 0.24 | - | |||
| F4 | 898 | 3.44 | 0.60 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.39 | - | ||
| F5 | 892 | 3.23 | 0.69 | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.44 | - | |
| F6 | 897 | 3.68 | 0.67 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.39 | - |
M: Mean, SD: Standard deviation, F1: Prestige, F2: Service, F3: Autonomy, F4: Lifestyle, F5: Management, F6: Scholarly pursuits.
p<0.001.
Students’ Perception of the Physician Values in Practice Scale by Educational System
| Factor | Educational system | No. | M | SD | t | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prestige | GEMS | 424 | 3.23 | 0.67 | -0.055 | 0.957 |
| UMS | 474 | 3.23 | 0.71 | |||
| Service | GEMS | 425 | 3.90 | 0.50 | 5.990 | 0.000 |
| UMS | 473 | 3.69 | 0.59 | |||
| Autonomy | GEMS | 426 | 3.62 | 0.59 | -1.574 | 0.116 |
| UMS | 474 | 3.68 | 0.59 | |||
| Lifestyle | GEMS | 425 | 3.43 | 0.60 | -0.195 | 0.845 |
| UMS | 473 | 3.44 | 0.60 | |||
| Management | GEMS | 423 | 3.31 | 0.66 | 3.358 | 0.001 |
| UMS | 469 | 3.15 | 0.71 | |||
| Scholarly pursuits | GEMS | 425 | 3.78 | 0.58 | 4.458 | 0.000 |
| UMS | 472 | 3.58 | 0.73 |
M: Mean, SD: Standard deviation, GEMS: Graduate entry medical student, UMS: Undergraduate medical student.
Students’ Perception of the Physician Values in Practice Scale by Year in School
| Factor | Grade | No. | M | SD | F | p-value | Scheffé |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prestige | 1a) | 353 | 3.14 | 0.67 | 9.136 | 0.000 | d>a, d> b, d>c |
| 2b) | 218 | 3.19 | 0.72 | ||||
| 3c) | 227 | 3.29 | 0.64 | ||||
| 4d) | 100 | 3.52 | 0.74 | ||||
| Service | 1 | 354 | 3.74 | 0.55 | 2.015 | 0.110 | |
| 2 | 219 | 3.82 | 0.55 | ||||
| 3 | 225 | 3.79 | 0.55 | ||||
| 4 | 100 | 3.88 | 0.60 | ||||
| Autonomy | 1 | 354 | 3.64 | 0.56 | 0.721 | 0.540 | |
| 2 | 219 | 3.62 | 0.62 | ||||
| 3 | 227 | 3.68 | 0.56 | ||||
| 4 | 100 | 3.70 | 0.68 | ||||
| Lifestyle | 1a) | 353 | 3.33 | 0.58 | 8.978 | 0.000 | c>a, d > a, d>b |
| 2b) | 218 | 3.45 | 0.59 | ||||
| 3c) | 227 | 3.48 | 0.60 | ||||
| 4d) | 100 | 3.66 | 0.63 | ||||
| Management | 1a) | 352 | 3.05 | 0.68 | 17.923 | 0.000 | d>a, d>b, b>a, c>a |
| 2b) | 216 | 3.23 | 0.69 | ||||
| 3c) | 226 | 3.35 | 0.64 | ||||
| 4d) | 98 | 3.55 | 0.66 | ||||
| Scholarly pursuits | 1 | 892 | 3.23 | 0.69 | 1.858 | 0.135 | |
| 2 | 354 | 3.63 | 0.72 | ||||
| 3 | 217 | 3.75 | 0.63 | ||||
| 4 | 227 | 3.71 | 0.62 |
M: Mean, SD: Standard deviation.
Students’ Perception of the Physician Values in Practice Scale by Gender
| Factor | Gender | No. | M | SD | t | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prestige | Male | 556 | 3.26 | 0.72 | 2.079 | 0.038 |
| Female | 315 | 3.16 | 0.62 | |||
| Service | Male | 557 | 3.75 | 0.60 | -2.647 | 0.008 |
| Female | 314 | 3.85 | 0.47 | |||
| Autonomy | Male | 558 | 3.67 | 0.59 | 0.783 | 0.434 |
| Female | 315 | 3.63 | 0.58 | |||
| Lifestyle | Male | 557 | 3.48 | 0.62 | 3.417 | 0.001 |
| Female | 315 | 3.34 | 0.55 | |||
| Management | Male | 554 | 3.27 | 0.69 | 2.804 | 0.005 |
| Female | 311 | 3.13 | 0.67 | |||
| Scholarly pursuits | Male | 557 | 3.63 | 0.69 | -2.489 | 0.013 |
| Female | 314 | 3.75 | 0.61 |
M: Mean, SD: Standard deviation.
Students’ Perception of the Physician Values in Practice Scale by Medical Specialty Preference Field
| Factor | Field | No. | M | SD | F | p-value | Scheffé |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prestige | 1 | 358 | 3.22 | 0.66 | 0.490 | 0.743 | |
| 2 | 226 | 3.24 | 0.72 | ||||
| 3 | 47 | 3.26 | 0.55 | ||||
| 4 | 29 | 3.38 | 0.83 | ||||
| 5 | 55 | 3.17 | 0.83 | ||||
| Service | 1 | 359 | 3.82 | 0.54 | 1.511 | 0.197 | |
| 2 | 226 | 3.76 | 0.57 | ||||
| 3 | 47 | 3.81 | 0.45 | ||||
| 4 | 29 | 4.01 | 0.68 | ||||
| 5 | 55 | 3.82 | 0.51 | ||||
| Autonomy | 1 | 359 | 3.62 | 0.59 | 1.388 | 0.237 | |
| 2 | 226 | 3.65 | 0.59 | ||||
| 3 | 47 | 3.68 | 0.52 | ||||
| 4 | 29 | 3.86 | 0.68 | ||||
| 5 | 55 | 3.70 | 0.54 | ||||
| Lifestyle | 1 | 359 | 3.42 | 0.60 | 2.780 | 0.026 | |
| 2 | 225 | 3.36 | 0.59 | ||||
| 3 | 47 | 3.65 | 0.57 | ||||
| 4 | 29 | 3.56 | 0.76 | ||||
| 5 | 54 | 3.36 | 0.61 | ||||
| Management | 1 | 357 | 3.28 | 0.66 | 0.707 | 0.587 | |
| 2 | 222 | 3.19 | 0.68 | ||||
| 3 | 46 | 3.23 | 0.69 | ||||
| 4 | 29 | 3.21 | 0.88 | ||||
| 5 | 55 | 3.27 | 0.75 | ||||
| Scholarly pursuits | 1a) | 358 | 3.72 | 0.62 | 3.779 | 0.005 | d>b |
| 2b) | 225 | 3.63 | 0.68 | ||||
| 3c) | 47 | 3.80 | 0.59 | ||||
| 4d) | 29 | 4.11 | 0.89 | ||||
| 5e) | 54 | 3.72 | 0.72 |
M: Mean, SD: Standard deviation, 1: Internal medicine field, 2: Surgery field, 3: Support field, 4: Basic science field, 5: Health-related field.