INTRODUCTION: Adipose tissue insulin action is impaired in obesity and is associated with inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype. Acute exercise can reduce markers of adipose inflammation, including interleukin (IL) 6, in parallel with improvements in insulin action; however, others have provided evidence that IL-6 has anti-inflammatory properties. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relation between IL-6 signaling, macrophage infiltration, and polarization and insulin action in inguinal fat after acute exercise in obese, insulin-resistant mice. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal lard) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal lard) for 7 wk and then underwent an acute bout of exercise (2-h treadmill running: 15 m·min, 5% incline). RESULTS: The HFD resulted in increased body mass, glucose intolerance, and attenuated insulin-induced AKT Thr308 phosphorylation in inguinal fat. This was accompanied by increases in indices of macrophage infiltration (F4/80, CD68, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression) and polarization toward an M1 phenotype (increased expression of CD11c, CD11c/galactose-type C-type lectin 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase). Immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated increased F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells with the HFD. Two hours after exercise, the insulin-induced activation of AKT Th308 phosphorylation was recovered in HFD mice. This was accompanied by an upregulation of IL-6 and IL-10 signaling, as demonstrated by increased expression of IL-6, IL-10, and SOCS3 as well as STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, acute exercise resulted in a shift toward reduction in M1 polarization indicated by a decrease in the ratio of CD11c to galactose-type C-type lectin 1 mRNA as well as a decline in F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a link between exercise-induced increases in IL-6, reductions in indices of M1 macrophages, and increased IL-10, a reputed anti-inflammatory cytokine with insulin-sensitizing properties.
INTRODUCTION: Adipose tissue insulin action is impaired in obesity and is associated with inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype. Acute exercise can reduce markers of adipose inflammation, including interleukin (IL) 6, in parallel with improvements in insulin action; however, others have provided evidence that IL-6 has anti-inflammatory properties. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relation between IL-6 signaling, macrophage infiltration, and polarization and insulin action in inguinal fat after acute exercise in obese, insulin-resistant mice. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal lard) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal lard) for 7 wk and then underwent an acute bout of exercise (2-h treadmill running: 15 m·min, 5% incline). RESULTS: The HFD resulted in increased body mass, glucose intolerance, and attenuated insulin-induced AKT Thr308 phosphorylation in inguinal fat. This was accompanied by increases in indices of macrophage infiltration (F4/80, CD68, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression) and polarization toward an M1 phenotype (increased expression of CD11c, CD11c/galactose-type C-type lectin 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase). Immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated increased F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells with the HFD. Two hours after exercise, the insulin-induced activation of AKT Th308 phosphorylation was recovered in HFD mice. This was accompanied by an upregulation of IL-6 and IL-10 signaling, as demonstrated by increased expression of IL-6, IL-10, and SOCS3 as well as STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, acute exercise resulted in a shift toward reduction in M1 polarization indicated by a decrease in the ratio of CD11c to galactose-type C-type lectin 1 mRNA as well as a decline in F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a link between exercise-induced increases in IL-6, reductions in indices of M1 macrophages, and increased IL-10, a reputed anti-inflammatory cytokine with insulin-sensitizing properties.
Authors: Logan K Townsend; Kyle D Medak; Willem T Peppler; Grace M Meers; R Scott Rector; Paul J LeBlanc; David C Wright Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2019-05-13 Impact factor: 5.922
Authors: A C Ludzki; M W Schleh; E M Krueger; N M Taylor; B J Ryan; T C Baldwin; J B Gillen; C Ahn; P Varshney; J F Horowitz Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2021-08-19
Authors: Kaleen M Lavin; Paul M Coen; Liliana C Baptista; Margaret B Bell; Devin Drummer; Sara A Harper; Manoel E Lixandrão; Jeremy S McAdam; Samia M O'Bryan; Sofhia Ramos; Lisa M Roberts; Rick B Vega; Bret H Goodpaster; Marcas M Bamman; Thomas W Buford Journal: Compr Physiol Date: 2022-03-09 Impact factor: 8.915