Kieran A McCaul1, Osvaldo P Almeida2, Paul E Norman3, Bu B Yeap4, Graeme J Hankey5, Jon Golledge6, Leon Flicker7. 1. Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: kieran.mccaul@uwa.edu.au. 2. Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 3. School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. 4. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. 5. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. 6. Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 7. Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which frailty was associated with attrition and then compare estimates of frailty prevalence and progression estimated from the observed data to those estimated after imputation. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: The Health in Men Study (HIMS) with frailty estimated at Wave 2 (2001/2004) and Wave 3 (2008) and mortality follow-up to 2010. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 10,305 community-dwelling men aged 70 and older, followed for up to 10 years. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed an extensive questionnaire covering functional activities and illnesses. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL Scale and a 32-item Frailty Index. RESULTS: Nonresponders at Wave 3 were more likely to have been frail at Wave 2. Imputed estimates of frailty prevalence were 8% to 10% higher than those derived from the observed data. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological surveys may substantially underestimate the levels of frailty among older people in the general population. This selective nonresponse results in an overoptimistic view of aging populations, particularly for the very old.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which frailty was associated with attrition and then compare estimates of frailty prevalence and progression estimated from the observed data to those estimated after imputation. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: The Health in Men Study (HIMS) with frailty estimated at Wave 2 (2001/2004) and Wave 3 (2008) and mortality follow-up to 2010. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 10,305 community-dwelling men aged 70 and older, followed for up to 10 years. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed an extensive questionnaire covering functional activities and illnesses. Frailty was assessed using the FRAIL Scale and a 32-item Frailty Index. RESULTS: Nonresponders at Wave 3 were more likely to have been frail at Wave 2. Imputed estimates of frailty prevalence were 8% to 10% higher than those derived from the observed data. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological surveys may substantially underestimate the levels of frailty among older people in the general population. This selective nonresponse results in an overoptimistic view of aging populations, particularly for the very old.
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