Thomas Reinehr1, Clinton Elfers, Nina Lass, Christian L Roth. 1. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine (T.R., N.L.), Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, D-45711 Datteln, Germany; and Seattle Children's Research Institute (C.E., C.L.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Irisin is a recently identified myokine affecting metabolic and glucose homeostasis. However, the role of irisin in obesity and its metabolic consequences are controversial, and data in children are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between irisin, insulin resistance, and puberty before and after weight loss in obese children with and without impaired glucose tolerance. DESIGN: One-year follow-up study in obese children participating in a lifestyle intervention. SETTING: Primary care. PATIENTS: Forty obese children and 20 normal-weight children of similar age, gender, and pubertal stage. INTERVENTION: A 1-year outpatient intervention program based on exercise, behavior, and nutrition therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Fasting serum irisin, weight status (body mass index [BMI] SD score), and the following parameters of the metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance index (homeostasis model of assessment), blood pressure, and lipids. RESULTS: The irisin levels were the highest in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance, followed by obese children with normal glucose tolerance, and levels were lowest in normal-weight children (P < .001). In a multiple linear regression analysis, baseline irisin was significantly associated with pubertal stage, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and homeostasis model of assessment, but not to age, gender, BMI, or any other parameter of the metabolic syndrome. The irisin concentrations were significantly (P = .010) lower in the prepubertal compared to the pubertal children. In longitudinal analyses, changes of irisin were significantly associated with entry into puberty, change of fasting glucose, and 2-hour glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test, but not with change of BMI or any other parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Irisin levels are related to pubertal stage and insulin resistance but not to weight status in childhood.
CONTEXT: Irisin is a recently identified myokine affecting metabolic and glucose homeostasis. However, the role of irisin in obesity and its metabolic consequences are controversial, and data in children are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between irisin, insulin resistance, and puberty before and after weight loss in obesechildren with and without impaired glucose tolerance. DESIGN: One-year follow-up study in obesechildren participating in a lifestyle intervention. SETTING: Primary care. PATIENTS: Forty obesechildren and 20 normal-weight children of similar age, gender, and pubertal stage. INTERVENTION: A 1-year outpatient intervention program based on exercise, behavior, and nutrition therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Fasting serum irisin, weight status (body mass index [BMI] SD score), and the following parameters of the metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance index (homeostasis model of assessment), blood pressure, and lipids. RESULTS: The irisin levels were the highest in obesechildren with impaired glucose tolerance, followed by obesechildren with normal glucose tolerance, and levels were lowest in normal-weight children (P < .001). In a multiple linear regression analysis, baseline irisin was significantly associated with pubertal stage, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and homeostasis model of assessment, but not to age, gender, BMI, or any other parameter of the metabolic syndrome. The irisin concentrations were significantly (P = .010) lower in the prepubertal compared to the pubertal children. In longitudinal analyses, changes of irisin were significantly associated with entry into puberty, change of fasting glucose, and 2-hour glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test, but not with change of BMI or any other parameter. CONCLUSIONS:Irisin levels are related to pubertal stage and insulin resistance but not to weight status in childhood.
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