Production and characterization of functional biscuits obtained from purple wheat.

Purple wheat contains higher levels of anthocyanins than conventional wheat cultivars. The aim of this work was to produce anthocyanin-rich biscuits from purple wheat, and to characterize the final product. Control biscuits, having the same formulation but obtained from a non-pigmented wheat cultivar, were used for comparisons. Purple biscuits showed a level of total anthocyanins of 13.86 mg/kg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and exhibited higher antioxidant activity than control. The volatile compounds profile of purple biscuits showed lower levels of lipid-derived carboxylic acids and higher levels of alcohols and aldehydes than control biscuits, indicating a lower oxidative degradation of the lipid fraction. In particular, the ratio (lipid-derived alcohols+aldehydes)/acids accounted for 5.9 in purple and 3.0 in control biscuits. The sensory score for friability and the spread ratio of purple biscuits accounted for 2.6 and 6.0, respectively.