Philip H Smith1, Karin A Kasza2, Andrew Hyland3, Geoffrey T Fong4, Ron Borland5, Kathleen Brady6, Matthew J Carpenter6, Karen Hartwell6, K Michael Cummings6, Sherry A McKee7. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; 2. Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; 3. Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; 4. Department of Psychology and School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 5. VicHealth Center for Tobacco Control, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia; 6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; sherry.mckee@yale.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There is conflicting evidence for gender differences in smoking cessation, and there has been little research on gender differences in smoking cessation medication (SCM) use and effectiveness. Using longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Surveys (ITC-4) conducted in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia, we examined gender differences in the incidence of quit attempts, reasons for quitting, use of SCMs, reasons for discontinuing use of SCMs, and rates of smoking cessation. METHODS: Data were analyzed from adult smokers participating in the ITC-4, annual waves 2006-2011 (n = 7,825), as well as a subsample of smokers (n = 1,079) who made quit attempts within 2 months of survey. Adjusted modeling utilized generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: There were no gender differences in the likelihood of desire to quit, plans to quit, or quit attempts between survey waves. Among quit attempters, women had 31% lower odds of successfully quitting (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.94). Stratified by medication use, quit success was lower among women who did not use any SCMs (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.90), and it was no different from men when medications were used (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.46, 1.16). In particular, self-selected use of nicotine patch and varenicline contributed to successful quitting among women. CONCLUSIONS: Women may have more difficulty quitting than men, and SCMs use may help attenuate this difference.
INTRODUCTION: There is conflicting evidence for gender differences in smoking cessation, and there has been little research on gender differences in smoking cessation medication (SCM) use and effectiveness. Using longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Surveys (ITC-4) conducted in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia, we examined gender differences in the incidence of quit attempts, reasons for quitting, use of SCMs, reasons for discontinuing use of SCMs, and rates of smoking cessation. METHODS: Data were analyzed from adult smokers participating in the ITC-4, annual waves 2006-2011 (n = 7,825), as well as a subsample of smokers (n = 1,079) who made quit attempts within 2 months of survey. Adjusted modeling utilized generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: There were no gender differences in the likelihood of desire to quit, plans to quit, or quit attempts between survey waves. Among quit attempters, women had 31% lower odds of successfully quitting (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.94). Stratified by medication use, quit success was lower among women who did not use any SCMs (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.90), and it was no different from men when medications were used (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.46, 1.16). In particular, self-selected use of nicotine patch and varenicline contributed to successful quitting among women. CONCLUSIONS:Women may have more difficulty quitting than men, and SCMs use may help attenuate this difference.
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