Christine Kreitinger1, Hilda Gutierrez1, Ajna Hamidovic1, Cheryl Schmitt1,2, Preeyaporn Sarangarm3, William F Rayburn4, Lawrence Leeman2,4, Ludmila N Bakhireva1,2. 1. a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences , College of Pharmacy and. 2. b Department of Family and Community Medicine , School of Medicine, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA . 3. c Department of Pharmacy , University of New Mexico Hospital , Albuquerque , NM , USA , and. 4. d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM , USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on the incidence and severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). STUDY DESIGN: For this pilot study, 70 pregnant women on opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) were recruited from a perinatal substance abuse clinic. Subjects were categorized into three study groups based on the timing of alcohol use during pregnancy as assessed by repeated self-reported measures and a comprehensive panel of ethanol biomarkers. NAS outcomes included: duration of hospital stay, the need for pharmacological treatment of NAS, newborn age at the initiation of NAS treatment, duration of treatment and cumulative methadone dose administered. RESULTS: The study included a large proportion of ethnic minorities (81.4% Hispanic, 5.7% American Indian), women with less than a high school education (52.2%) and unplanned pregnancy (82.9%). In multivariate analysis, PAE was not associated with NAS outcomes; however, one newborn diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) demonstrated much more severe NAS compared to other PAE infants. Interestingly, 3rd trimester PAE was associated with a higher prevalence of microcephaly (62.5%) compared to the PAE abstaining group (36.8%; p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: In this study, PAE was not associated with NAS severity; however, further examination in a larger study is needed.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on the incidence and severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). STUDY DESIGN: For this pilot study, 70 pregnant women on opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) were recruited from a perinatal substance abuse clinic. Subjects were categorized into three study groups based on the timing of alcohol use during pregnancy as assessed by repeated self-reported measures and a comprehensive panel of ethanol biomarkers. NAS outcomes included: duration of hospital stay, the need for pharmacological treatment of NAS, newborn age at the initiation of NAS treatment, duration of treatment and cumulative methadone dose administered. RESULTS: The study included a large proportion of ethnic minorities (81.4% Hispanic, 5.7% American Indian), women with less than a high school education (52.2%) and unplanned pregnancy (82.9%). In multivariate analysis, PAE was not associated with NAS outcomes; however, one newborn diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) demonstrated much more severe NAS compared to other PAEinfants. Interestingly, 3rd trimester PAE was associated with a higher prevalence of microcephaly (62.5%) compared to the PAE abstaining group (36.8%; p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: In this study, PAE was not associated with NAS severity; however, further examination in a larger study is needed.
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