Shakti H Ramkissoon1, Wenya Linda Bi1, Steven E Schumacher1, Lori A Ramkissoon1, Sam Haidar1, David Knoff1, Adrian Dubuc1, Loreal Brown1, Margot Burns1, Jane B Cryan1, Malak Abedalthagafi1, Yun Jee Kang1, Nikolaus Schultz1, David A Reardon1, Eudocia Q Lee1, Mikael L Rinne1, Andrew D Norden1, Lakshmi Nayak1, Sandra Ruland1, Lisa M Doherty1, Debra C LaFrankie1, Margaret Horvath1, Ayal A Aizer1, Andrea Russo1, Nils D Arvold1, Elizabeth B Claus1, Ossama Al-Mefty1, Mark D Johnson1, Alexandra J Golby1, Ian F Dunn1, E Antonio Chiocca1, Lorenzo Trippa1, Sandro Santagata1, Rebecca D Folkerth1, Philip Kantoff1, Barrett J Rollins1, Neal I Lindeman1, Patrick Y Wen1, Azra H Ligon2, Rameen Beroukhim2, Brian M Alexander2, Keith L Ligon2. 1. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.H.R., L.A.R., S.H., D.K., Y.J.K., K.L.L.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.E.S., L.B., M.B., D.A.R., E.Q.L., M.L.R., A.D.N., L.N., S.R., L.M.D., D.C.L., P.K., B.J.R., P.Y.W., R.B., K.L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., E.B.C, O.A.-M., M.D.J., A.J.G., I.F.D., E.A.C.); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (L.T.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H., A.A.A., N.D.A., B.M.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H., A.A.A., N.D.A., B.M.A.); Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.); Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (N.S.); Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.B.); Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.H.R., A.D., J.B.C., M.A., S.S., R.D.F., N.I.L., A.H.L., K.L.L.). 2. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.H.R., L.A.R., S.H., D.K., Y.J.K., K.L.L.); Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (S.E.S., L.B., M.B., D.A.R., E.Q.L., M.L.R., A.D.N., L.N., S.R., L.M.D., D.C.L., P.K., B.J.R., P.Y.W., R.B., K.L.L.); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.L.B., E.B.C, O.A.-M., M.D.J., A.J.G., I.F.D., E.A.C.); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (L.T.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H., A.A.A., N.D.A., B.M.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H., A.A.A., N.D.A., B.M.A.); Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.); Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (N.S.); Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts (R.B.); Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (K.L.L.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.H.R., A.D., J.B.C., M.A., S.S., R.D.F., N.I.L., A.H.L., K.L.L.) keith_ligon@dfci.harvard.edu brian_alexander@dfci.harvard.edu rameen_beroukhim@dfci.harvard.edu aligon@partners.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multidimensional genotyping of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples has the potential to improve diagnostics and clinical trials for brain tumors, but prospective use in the clinical setting is not yet routine. We report our experience with implementing a multiplexed copy number and mutation-testing program in a diagnostic laboratory certified by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. METHODS: We collected and analyzed clinical testing results from whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization (OncoCopy) of 420 brain tumors, including 148 glioblastomas. Mass spectrometry-based mutation genotyping (OncoMap, 471 mutations) was performed on 86 glioblastomas. RESULTS: OncoCopy was successful in 99% of samples for which sufficient DNA was obtained (n = 415). All clinically relevant loci for glioblastomas were detected, including amplifications (EGFR, PDGFRA, MET) and deletions (EGFRvIII, PTEN, 1p/19q). Glioblastoma patients ≤40 years old had distinct profiles compared with patients >40 years. OncoMap testing reliably identified mutations in IDH1, TP53, and PTEN. Seventy-seven glioblastoma patients enrolled on trials, of whom 51% participated in targeted therapeutic trials where multiplex data informed eligibility or outcomes. Data integration identified patients with complete tumor suppressor inactivation, albeit rarely (5% of patients) due to lack of whole-gene coverage in OncoMap. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of multiplexed copy number and mutation detection from FFPE samples in the clinical setting can efficiently replace singleton tests for clinical diagnosis and prognosis in most settings. Our results support incorporation of these assays into clinical trials as integral biomarkers and their potential to impact interpretation of results. Limited tumor suppressor variant capture by targeted genotyping highlights the need for whole-gene sequencing in glioblastoma.
BACKGROUND: Multidimensional genotyping of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples has the potential to improve diagnostics and clinical trials for brain tumors, but prospective use in the clinical setting is not yet routine. We report our experience with implementing a multiplexed copy number and mutation-testing program in a diagnostic laboratory certified by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. METHODS: We collected and analyzed clinical testing results from whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization (OncoCopy) of 420 brain tumors, including 148 glioblastomas. Mass spectrometry-based mutation genotyping (OncoMap, 471 mutations) was performed on 86 glioblastomas. RESULTS: OncoCopy was successful in 99% of samples for which sufficient DNA was obtained (n = 415). All clinically relevant loci for glioblastomas were detected, including amplifications (EGFR, PDGFRA, MET) and deletions (EGFRvIII, PTEN, 1p/19q). Glioblastomapatients ≤40 years old had distinct profiles compared with patients >40 years. OncoMap testing reliably identified mutations in IDH1, TP53, and PTEN. Seventy-seven glioblastomapatients enrolled on trials, of whom 51% participated in targeted therapeutic trials where multiplex data informed eligibility or outcomes. Data integration identified patients with complete tumor suppressor inactivation, albeit rarely (5% of patients) due to lack of whole-gene coverage in OncoMap. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of multiplexed copy number and mutation detection from FFPE samples in the clinical setting can efficiently replace singleton tests for clinical diagnosis and prognosis in most settings. Our results support incorporation of these assays into clinical trials as integral biomarkers and their potential to impact interpretation of results. Limited tumor suppressor variant capture by targeted genotyping highlights the need for whole-gene sequencing in glioblastoma.
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