BACKGROUND: The circulation of human adenovirus type 21 (HAdV21) in the United States has been documented since the 1960s in association with outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness (FRI) in military boot camps and civilian cases of respiratory disease. METHODS: To describe the molecular epidemiology of HAdV21 respiratory infections across the country, 150 clinical respiratory isolates obtained from continuous surveillance of military recruit FRI, and 23 respiratory isolates recovered from pediatric and adult civilian cases of acute respiratory infection were characterized to compile molecular typing data spanning 37 years (1978-2014). RESULTS: Restriction enzyme analysis and genomic sequencing identified 2 clusters of closely related genomic variants readily distinguishable from the prototype and designated 21a-like and 21b-like. A-like variants predominated until 1999. A shift to b-like variants was noticeable by 2007 after a 7-year period (2000-2006) of cocirculation of the 2 genome types. US strains are phylogenetically more closely related to European and Asian strains isolated over the last 4 decades than to the Saudi Arabian prototype strain AV-1645 isolated in 1956. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of circulating HAdV21 variants and their epidemic behavior will be of significant value to local and global FRI surveillance efforts.
BACKGROUND: The circulation of human adenovirus type 21 (HAdV21) in the United States has been documented since the 1960s in association with outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness (FRI) in military boot camps and civilian cases of respiratory disease. METHODS: To describe the molecular epidemiology of HAdV21respiratory infections across the country, 150 clinical respiratory isolates obtained from continuous surveillance of military recruit FRI, and 23 respiratory isolates recovered from pediatric and adult civilian cases of acute respiratory infection were characterized to compile molecular typing data spanning 37 years (1978-2014). RESULTS: Restriction enzyme analysis and genomic sequencing identified 2 clusters of closely related genomic variants readily distinguishable from the prototype and designated 21a-like and 21b-like. A-like variants predominated until 1999. A shift to b-like variants was noticeable by 2007 after a 7-year period (2000-2006) of cocirculation of the 2 genome types. US strains are phylogenetically more closely related to European and Asian strains isolated over the last 4 decades than to the Saudi Arabian prototype strain AV-1645 isolated in 1956. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of circulating HAdV21 variants and their epidemic behavior will be of significant value to local and global FRI surveillance efforts.
Authors: Shoaleh Dehghan; Jason Seto; Elizabeth B Liu; Ashrafali M Ismail; Ramana Madupu; Albert Heim; Morris S Jones; David W Dyer; James Chodosh; Donald Seto Journal: J Virol Date: 2019-08-28 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Jun Hang; Adriana E Kajon; Paul C F Graf; Irina Maljkovic Berry; Yu Yang; Mark A Sanborn; Christian K Fung; Anima Adhikari; Melinda S Balansay-Ames; Christopher A Myers; Leonard N Binn; Richard G Jarman; Robert A Kuschner; Natalie D Collins Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2020-07 Impact factor: 6.883
Authors: Sarah E Philo; Benjamin D Anderson; Sylvia F Costa; Nancy Henshaw; Sarah S Lewis; John M Reynolds; Jayanthi Jayakumar; Yvonne C F Su; Gregory C Gray Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Date: 2018-07-31 Impact factor: 3.835
Authors: Carmen Andrea Pfortmueller; Maria Teresa Barbani; Joerg Christian Schefold; Elias Hage; Albert Heim; Stefan Zimmerli Journal: J Crit Care Date: 2019-02-13 Impact factor: 3.425