Wei-Ti Chen1, Barbara Guthrie2, Cheng-Shi Shiu3, Lixuan Wang4, Zhongqi Weng1, Chiang-Shan Li5, Tony Szu-Hsien Lee6, Emiko Kamitani7, Yumiko Fukuda8, Binh Vinh Luu9. 1. School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, Connecticut, USA. 2. School of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 3. School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 4. School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 5. Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 6. Department of Health Promotion and Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. 7. School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. 8. APICHA Community Health Center, New York, New York, USA. 9. HIV/AIDS Service, Chinese-American Planning Council Inc, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract
AIM: We explored how acculturation and self-actualization affect depression in the HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders immigrant population. BACKGROUND: Asians and Pacific Islanders are among the fastest growing minority groups in the USA. Asians and Pacific Islanders are the only racial/ethnic group to show a significant increase in HIV diagnosis rate. DESIGN: A mixed-methods study was conducted. METHODS: Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders in San Francisco and New York. Additionally, cross-sectional audio computer-assisted self-interviews were conducted with a sample of 50 HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders. Content analysis was used to analyse the in-depth interviews. Also, descriptive, bivariate statistics and multivariable regression analysis was used to estimate the associations among depression, acculturation and self-actualization. The study took place from January-June 2013. DISCUSSION: Major themes were extracted from the interview data, including self-actualization, acculturation and depression. The participants were then divided into three acculturation levels correlating to their varying levels of self-actualization. For those with low acculturation, there was a large discrepancy in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores between those who had totally lost their self-actualization and those who believed they could still achieve their 'American dreams'. Among those who were less acculturated, there was a significant difference in depression scores between those who felt they had totally lost their ability to self-actualize and those who still believed they could 'make their dreams come true.' CONCLUSION: Acculturation levels influence depression and self-actualization in the HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders population. Lower acculturated Asian Americans achieved a lower degree of self-actualization and suffered from depression. Future interventions should focus on enhancing acculturation and reducing depression to achieve self-actualization.
AIM: We explored how acculturation and self-actualization affect depression in the HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders immigrant population. BACKGROUND: Asians and Pacific Islanders are among the fastest growing minority groups in the USA. Asians and Pacific Islanders are the only racial/ethnic group to show a significant increase in HIV diagnosis rate. DESIGN: A mixed-methods study was conducted. METHODS: Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders in San Francisco and New York. Additionally, cross-sectional audio computer-assisted self-interviews were conducted with a sample of 50 HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders. Content analysis was used to analyse the in-depth interviews. Also, descriptive, bivariate statistics and multivariable regression analysis was used to estimate the associations among depression, acculturation and self-actualization. The study took place from January-June 2013. DISCUSSION: Major themes were extracted from the interview data, including self-actualization, acculturation and depression. The participants were then divided into three acculturation levels correlating to their varying levels of self-actualization. For those with low acculturation, there was a large discrepancy in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores between those who had totally lost their self-actualization and those who believed they could still achieve their 'American dreams'. Among those who were less acculturated, there was a significant difference in depression scores between those who felt they had totally lost their ability to self-actualize and those who still believed they could 'make their dreams come true.' CONCLUSION: Acculturation levels influence depression and self-actualization in the HIV-positive Asians and Pacific Islanders population. Lower acculturated Asian Americans achieved a lower degree of self-actualization and suffered from depression. Future interventions should focus on enhancing acculturation and reducing depression to achieve self-actualization.
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