Response of Corynebacterium glutamicum exposed to oscillating cultivation conditions in a two- and a novel three-compartment scale-down bioreactor.

The oscillatory conditions in substrate and oxygen supply that typically occur on a large (industrial) scale are usually simulated in two-compartment scale-down reactors. In this study, the performance of nutrient-limited fed-batch cultivations of Corynebacterium glutamicum in a standard two-compartment reactor (two-CR) is compared to the performance in a novel three-compartment reactor (three-CR). The three-CR is designed to mimic three distinct zones of an industrial scale bioreactor that occur if the feed addition is installed at the bottom of the fluid phase. Our findings show that lactate and succinate appear in concentrations two-fold higher in the three-CR cultivation than in the two-CR cultivation. Similar results are revealed for the amino acids glycine, threonine, glutamate, and glutamine. In contrast to the two-CR cultivation, no intracellular accumulation of pyruvate is observed in the three-CR cultivation, since the carbon fluxes are directed toward lactate. As previously reported, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is increased in the context of oxygen deprivation. Thus, C. glutamicum adapts to the oscillating environment in the three-CR. This successful adaptation is revealed by a flow cytometric analysis of BOX-stained cells and a series of electrooptical at line measurements of cell polarisability. Both methods indicate a higher polarisability of cells in the three-CR cultivation. PI-staining does not indicate any membrane damage or accelerated cell death in either system. However, although the strain shows robustness, the product yield of lysine is reduced in scale-down cultivations as compared to cultivations at homogeneous conditions, which underlines the relevance of process optimization.