BACKGROUND: Racial differences in anger frequency and expression styles have been found. Further, African Americans receive fewer health benefits from higher education than Whites. PURPOSE: This study seeks to investigate racial differences in how anger moderates the association between education and inflammation. METHODS: Midlife in the US participants (n = 1,200; 43.0 % male; 18.5 % African American) provided education and anger data via survey assessments. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen were determined from a fasting blood sample following an overnight clinic visit. RESULTS: African Americans reported higher anger-out, IL-6, and fibrinogen and lower anger-control than Whites. Anger-out predicted higher IL-6 and fibrinogen among African Americans with higher education; whereas, trait anger and anger-out predicted lower fibrinogen among Whites with higher education. Anger-out marginally predicted higher IL-6 in less educated Whites. CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore racial differences in the benefits and consequences of educational attainment, and how social inequities and anger are manifested in inflammatory physiology.
BACKGROUND: Racial differences in anger frequency and expression styles have been found. Further, African Americans receive fewer health benefits from higher education than Whites. PURPOSE: This study seeks to investigate racial differences in how anger moderates the association between education and inflammation. METHODS: Midlife in the US participants (n = 1,200; 43.0 % male; 18.5 % African American) provided education and anger data via survey assessments. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen were determined from a fasting blood sample following an overnight clinic visit. RESULTS: African Americans reported higher anger-out, IL-6, and fibrinogen and lower anger-control than Whites. Anger-out predicted higher IL-6 and fibrinogen among African Americans with higher education; whereas, trait anger and anger-out predicted lower fibrinogen among Whites with higher education. Anger-out marginally predicted higher IL-6 in less educated Whites. CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore racial differences in the benefits and consequences of educational attainment, and how social inequities and anger are manifested in inflammatory physiology.
Authors: Tené T Lewis; Susan A Everson-Rose; Barbara Sternfeld; Kelly Karavolos; Deidre Wesley; Lynda H Powell Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2005-03-14
Authors: Elaine D Eaker; Lisa M Sullivan; Margaret Kelly-Hayes; Ralph B D'Agostino; Emelia J Benjamin Journal: Circulation Date: 2004-03-01 Impact factor: 29.690
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