Protein dielectrophoresis and the link to dielectric properties.

There is a growing interest in protein dielectrophoresis (DEP) for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. However, the DEP behavior of proteins is still not well understood which is important for successful protein manipulation. In this paper, we elucidate the information gained in dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and how these techniques may be of importance for future protein DEP manipulation. EIS and DS can be used to determine the dielectric properties of proteins predicting their DEP behavior. Basic principles of EIS and DS are discussed and related to protein DEP through examples from previous studies. Challenges of performing DS measurements as well as potential designs to incorporate EIS and DS measurements in DEP experiments are also discussed.