Sandra de Bie1,2, Preciosa M Coloma1, Carmen Ferrajolo1,3, Katia M C Verhamme1, Gianluca Trifirò1,4, Martijn J Schuemie1, Sabine M J M Straus1,2, Rosa Gini5, Ron Herings1,6, Giampiero Mazzaglia7, Gino Picelli8, Arianna Ghirardi9, Lars Pedersen10, Bruno H C Stricker1,11,12, Johan van der Lei1, Miriam C J M Sturkenboom1. 1. Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 3. Campania Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. 4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. 5. Agenzia Regionale di Sanità della Toscana, Florence, Italy. 6. PHARMO Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 7. Società Italiana di Medicina Generale, Florence, Italy. 8. Pedianet-Società Servizi Telematici SRL, Padova, Italy. 9. Department of Statistics, Universita di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 10. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark. 11. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 12. Inspectorate of Health Care, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Abstract
AIM: Electronic healthcare record (EHR)-based surveillance systems are increasingly being developed to support early detection of safety signals. It is unknown what the power of such a system is for surveillance among children and adolescents. In this paper we provide estimates of the number and classes of drugs, and incidence rates (IRs) of events, that can be monitored in children and adolescents (0-18 years). METHODS: Data were obtained from seven population-based EHR databases in Denmark, Italy, and the Netherlands during the period 1996-2010. We estimated the number of drugs for which specific adverse events can be monitored as a function of actual drug use, minimally detectable relative risk (RR) and IRs for 10 events. RESULTS: The population comprised 4 838 146 individuals (25 575 132 person years (PYs)), who were prescribed 2170 drugs (1 610 631 PYs drug-exposure). Half of the total drug-exposure in PYs was covered by only 18 drugs (0.8%). For a relatively frequent event like upper gastrointestinal bleeding there were 39 drugs for which an association with a RR ≥4, if present, could be investigated. The corresponding number of drugs was eight for a rare event like anaphylactic shock. CONCLUSION: Drug use in children is rare and shows little variation. The number of drugs with enough exposure to detect rare adverse events in children and adolescents within an EHR-based surveillance system such as EU-ADR is limited. Use of additional sources of paediatric drug exposure information and global collaboration are imperative in order to optimize EHR data for paediatric safety surveillance.
AIM: Electronic healthcare record (EHR)-based surveillance systems are increasingly being developed to support early detection of safety signals. It is unknown what the power of such a system is for surveillance among children and adolescents. In this paper we provide estimates of the number and classes of drugs, and incidence rates (IRs) of events, that can be monitored in children and adolescents (0-18 years). METHODS: Data were obtained from seven population-based EHR databases in Denmark, Italy, and the Netherlands during the period 1996-2010. We estimated the number of drugs for which specific adverse events can be monitored as a function of actual drug use, minimally detectable relative risk (RR) and IRs for 10 events. RESULTS: The population comprised 4 838 146 individuals (25 575 132 person years (PYs)), who were prescribed 2170 drugs (1 610 631 PYs drug-exposure). Half of the total drug-exposure in PYs was covered by only 18 drugs (0.8%). For a relatively frequent event like upper gastrointestinal bleeding there were 39 drugs for which an association with a RR ≥4, if present, could be investigated. The corresponding number of drugs was eight for a rare event like anaphylactic shock. CONCLUSION: Drug use in children is rare and shows little variation. The number of drugs with enough exposure to detect rare adverse events in children and adolescents within an EHR-based surveillance system such as EU-ADR is limited. Use of additional sources of paediatric drug exposure information and global collaboration are imperative in order to optimize EHR data for paediatric safety surveillance.
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