Byambaa Enkhmaa1, Adnan Abbuthalha1, Erdembileg Anuurad1, Wei Zhang1, Alice F Tarantal2,3,4, Lars Berglund1,5. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. 2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. 3. Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. 4. California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. 5. Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Levels of lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), a genetically regulated independent cardiovascular risk factor present in humans and Old World monkeys, are impacted by the apolipoprotein(a), apo(a), gene. Allele-specific apo(a) levels, taking both the apo(a) genotypic and phenotypic characteristics into account, are useful markers to determine atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. METHODS: We determined (i) the genetic variability of apo(a), (ii) Lp(a) levels, and (iii) allele-specific apo(a) levels in rhesus monkeys (n = 95). RESULTS: Lp(a) levels differed substantially between animals (range: 4-247 nmol/l) with a skewed distribution toward lower levels. Lp(a) and allele-specific apo(a) levels were inversely related to the number of apo(a) Kringle 4 (K4) repeats. The median apo(a) size was 23 K4 repeats, and the prevalence of a small size apo(a) (≤22 K4) was 43%. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of Lp(a) and allele-specific apo(a) levels in rhesus monkeys reflected the corresponding human patterns, but with a high prevalence of smaller apo(a) sizes.
BACKGROUND: Levels of lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), a genetically regulated independent cardiovascular risk factor present in humans and Old World monkeys, are impacted by the apolipoprotein(a), apo(a), gene. Allele-specific apo(a) levels, taking both the apo(a) genotypic and phenotypic characteristics into account, are useful markers to determine atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. METHODS: We determined (i) the genetic variability of apo(a), (ii) Lp(a) levels, and (iii) allele-specific apo(a) levels in rhesus monkeys (n = 95). RESULTS:Lp(a) levels differed substantially between animals (range: 4-247 nmol/l) with a skewed distribution toward lower levels. Lp(a) and allele-specific apo(a) levels were inversely related to the number of apo(a) Kringle 4 (K4) repeats. The median apo(a) size was 23 K4 repeats, and the prevalence of a small size apo(a) (≤22 K4) was 43%. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of Lp(a) and allele-specific apo(a) levels in rhesus monkeys reflected the corresponding human patterns, but with a high prevalence of smaller apo(a) sizes.
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